Secondary Metabolites

Front 1

Alkaloids

Back 1

Addictive

Morphine, Cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, atropine, strychnine

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Morphine

Back 2

-Derived from opium poppy

-Relieves major pain

-Excessive use leads to strong addiction

-alkaloid

Front 3

Cocaine

Back 3

-Derived from the Coca plant

-Has anesthetic qualities and is a stimulant

-very highly addictive

-alkaloid

Front 4

Caffeine

Back 4

- Derived From Coffee, tea, and cacao

-Used by humans as stimulant

- High concentrations in the plant is toxic to insects and will inhibit the germination of seeds of other species around it.

- Mildly addictive

-alkaloid

Front 5

Nicotine

Back 5

-Derived from tobacco plant

-Stimulant (addictive)

-High concentrations are toxic to insects and herbivores

-alkaloid

Front 6

Atropine

Back 6

-Derived from Henbane

-Used as a cardiac stimulant and a pupil dilator

-Alkaloid

Front 7

Strychnine

Back 7

-extremely toxic, powerful pesticide

-Causes severe muscular contractions leading to asphyxiation in mammals and birds

Front 8

L-canavanine

Back 8

nonprotein amino acid produced by many legumes. Causes insects' proteins to fold improperly and become nonfunctional.

Front 9

Cyanogenic Glycosides

Back 9

In the wild cherry tree. If a critter eats too many leaves it will become sick and possibly die. Cyanide is released from the sugar molecule and may disrupt cellular respiration

Front 10

Cicutoxin

Back 10

A terpene in eater hemlock that can cause paralysis and death from respiratory failure.

Front 11

Erythroidine

Back 11

Alkaloid in coral beans. Causes death by paralysis of the central nervous system. Often used in the dart guns of amazonian indians.

Front 12

Digitoxin

Back 12

Terpenoid found in the purple foxglove. Causes myocardial infarction in high doses but improves heart function by speeding up the heart and improving blood flow in low doses.

Front 13

Taxol

Back 13

Terpenoid in the bark of the Pacific Yew. Potent cancer fighting drug.

Front 14

Vincristine and Vinblastine

Back 14

Alkaloids from the rosy periwinkle. used in chemotherapy to treat various forms of cancer

Front 15

Steroids

Back 15

extracted from yams. First birth control pills used these from mexican yams

Front 16

Resperine

Back 16

Alkaloid from snakeroot shrub. Treats schizophrenia and other mental disorders

Front 17

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Back 17

Type of terpenoid found in the leaves of cannabis sativa. Used to treat glaucoma and relieve nausea (especially as a side effect of chemo)

Front 18

Salicin (salicylic acid)

Back 18

Phenolic found in the bark of willow trees. Active ingredient in aspirin which is used as an anti-inflammatory drug and an analgesic.

Front 19

Colchicine

Back 19

From Crocus. Used to treat gout and tumor growth

Front 20

Ephedrine

Back 20

From Ephedra. Commonly used antihistamine.

Front 21

Thymol

Back 21

From thyme. Used as antifungal agent.

Front 22

Alkaloids

Back 22

Addictive stimulants (mostly)

Morphine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, atropine, strychnine.

Front 23

Terpenoids

Back 23

Largest group of plant secondary metabolites, over 22,000 different compounds described.

Isoprene, essential oils, taxol, rubber

Front 24

Phenolics

Back 24

Most studied group of secondary metabolites. The majority of plant species possess at least one form of these compounds and they are usually found in all plant parts instead of being limited to just one.

Flavonoids, tannins, ligning, salicylic acid

Front 25

Morphine

Back 25

Alkaloid, derived from opium poppy. Relieves major pain. excessive use leads to strong addiction

Front 26

Cocaine

Back 26

Alkaloid derived from coca plant. Has anesthetic qualities and is a stimulant. Highly addictive.

Front 27

Caffeine

Back 27

Alkaloid derived from coffee, tea, and cacao. Used as stimulant in humans. High concentrations in the plant is toxic to plants and will inhibit the germination of the seeds of other plant species growing around it. Mildly addictive.

Front 28

Nicotine

Back 28

Alkaloid derived from the tobacco plant. Stimulant, high concentrations toxic to insects and other herbivores.

Front 29

Atropine

Back 29

Alkaloid derived from henbane. Used as cardiac stimulant and pupil dilator in eye exams

Front 30

Strychnine

Back 30

Alkaloid, extremely toxic. Powerful pesticide lethal to mammals and birds. Causes severe muscle contractions leading to asphyxiation.

Front 31

Isoprene

Back 31

Terpenoid, Gas emitted from the leaves. Emitted only in light and interacts with carbs produced by photosynthesis. Helps plants cope with high heat conditions.

Front 32

Essential oils

Back 32

Terpenoid. Highly volatile, produce very aromatice odors. Deter herbivores and protect against attack by fungi or bacteria. Oils found in flowers are used to attract pollinators.

Front 33

Taxol

Back 33

Terpenoid found in the pacific yew. Strong anticancer properties.

Front 34

Rubber

Back 34

Terpenoid from in the tropical plant Hevea Brasiliensis (Para tree). Harvested as milky fluid- latex. Removed from latex and processed into the compound used for industrial purposes.

Front 35

Flavonoids

Back 35

Phenolic. Serve as pigments. Largest group of phenolic compounds. aid in the attraction of pollinators, provide protection against uv radiation. Used to attract or repel bacteria from roots.

Front 36

Tannins

Back 36

Phenolic found primarily in woody plants. Repellant to insects and animals. Humans use to tan leather.

Front 37

Lignins

Back 37

Phenolic in the cell wall of plants. Second most abundant compound in plant cells, after cellulose. Adds strength and stiffness to plant cell walls. Found in higher abundance in woody plants. Serves to waterproof cells. Involved in defense of pathogens, provides resistance to mechanical attacks by fungi and bacteria.

Front 38

Salicylic Acid

Back 38

Phenolic derived from willow trees. Provides protection against attacks by pathogens by helping the plant develop the systemic acquired resistance, or SAR, response. Plant immune system. Used as anti inflammatory agent in humans.