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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Problem Statement
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a question which may be investigated by doing an experiment
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Hypothesis –
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a testable prediction based on past knowledge and experiences (an educated guess)
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Experiment
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well-planned set of activities designed to test a hypothesis
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Procedure
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a detailed explanation on how to form a particular operation
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Replication
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repeating an experiment several times to be sure the results truly represent what the problem statement asks. If possible, it is best to replicate the experiment by doing the same experiment at the same time.
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Accuracy
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freedom from mistake or error, close to an expected or accepted value
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Precision
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Quality with which an operation is preformed or a measurement stated, agreement among many measurements
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Data
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information gathered in an experiment, usually recorded in an orderly fashion. (Tables, charts, graphs)
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Variable
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Things that change or can be changed during an investigation
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Independent variable
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the variable that the experimenter changes directly. Time is also an independent variable, but the experimenter can not change it. The independent variable is sometimes called a treatment.
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Dependent variable
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The variable that the experimenter observes. The dependent variable changes as a result of the experimenter changing the independent variable.
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Constant
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the variables which the experimenter keeps from changing. To ensure constants do not change they must be measured through out the experiment.
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Possible source of error
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The variables, which the experimenter hopes, do not change. These can not be measured, but must be accounted for when the experimenter interprets the results of an experiment.
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Reproducibility
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The ability to repeat an experiment.
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Control Group
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The part of an experiment which does not receive a treatment. The control group is used for a comparison.
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Experimental Group
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The part of an experiment that receives a treatment.
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Fact
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a widespread agreement made by many competent people making the same observation
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Theory
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relates many facts and hypotheses, supports a variety of observations and experiments, is testable and predicts.
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Aristotle
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(384-322 BCE)
Studied Heavenly and Earthly Motion. |
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Ptolemy
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(90-168 CE)
Followed Aristotle's works on Heavenly Motion but was not correct. He believed the Earth was the centre of the universe. |
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Copernicus
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(1473-1543)
Sun centred universe. Did not follow Ptolemy's studies but did make improvements in Heavenly motion using algebra to find the planetary orbits. |
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Retrograde
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Mars looks like it orbits in a loop shape due to the different planetary speeds.
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Kepler
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(1571-1630)
followed Copernicus's theory of Heavenly Motion. Discovered the ellipses orbit of the planets and was able to predict eclipses pretty well. |
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Galileo
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(1564-1642)
Invented inertia. First noticed Jupiter's moons.Studied Earthly motion. |
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Isaac Newton
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(1642-1727)
Unified Heavenly and Eathly Motion in a single set of laws (Newton's Laws). "Standing on the shoulders of giants" story. |
