Science Trimester 2 Exam

Front 1

mass

Back 1

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

Front 2

Volume

Back 2

a measure of the size of a body or region in three dimensonal space

Front 3

meter

Back 3

the basic unit of length

Front 4

gram

Back 4

are used to describe the mass of smaller objects such as apples

Front 5

Liters

Back 5

the volume of a liquid is given in liters. liters are based on meters

Front 6

what is density?

Back 6

it is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance

Front 7

how is density calculated?

Back 7

density= mass divided by volume

Front 8

what is the unit for density?

Back 8

g/cm3= grams per cubic centimeter

Front 9

atmosphere

Back 9

it is a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon

Front 10

what percentage of earth's atmosphere is oxygen?

Back 10

21% of earth's atmosphere is oxygen

Front 11

what percentage of earth's atmosphere nitrogen?

Back 11

78% of earth's atmosphere is nitrogen

Front 12

name 3 other gases that make up 1% of earth's atmosphere

Back 12

argon, carbon dioxide, water vaper

Front 13

air pressure

Back 13

the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface

Front 14

what happens to air pressure as altitude increases in why

Back 14

air pressure decreases beacuse their are fewer molecules pushing against the air

Front 15

how is energy transferred by radiation

Back 15

the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves

Front 16

how is energy transferred by conduction

Back 16

the transfer of energy through a material

Front 17

how is energy transferred by convection

Back 17

the transfer of thermal energy by the cirrculationor movements of a liquid or gas

Front 18

what is the greenhouse effect

Back 18

the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy

Front 19

name two greenhouse gases

Back 19

water vapor and carbon dioxide

Front 20

what is global warming

Back 20

a gradual increase in average global temperature

Front 21

explain how global warming occurs

Back 21

it occurs becuase of the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Front 22

what creates wind

Back 22

differences in air pressure causes wind

Front 23

what causes differences in air pressure

Back 23

differences in air pressure is greatly caused by uneaqual heating of the earth

Front 24

what kind of atmospheric pressure is created by warm air and why

Back 24

Warm air rises and creates low pressure

Front 25

what kind of atmospheric pressure is created by cold air and why?

Back 25

High pressure is created by rising air

Front 26

what area on Earth always has low pressure

Back 26

the equator and 60 degree latitude line always is low pressure

Front 27

what area on earth always has high pressure

Back 27

the 30 degree latitude lin is high pressure

Front 28

what is the coriolis effect

Back 28

it is the apparent curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to earth's curving

Front 29

weather

Back 29

the short term state of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, percipitation, wind, and visibility

Front 30

Name and describe each of the four processes that make up the water cycle

Back 30

Percipitation- rain, snow sleet, hail fall from the sky
Runoff- water that flows across the land
Evaporation- when a liquid changes into water vapor
Condensation- occurs when water cools and changes into a gas

Front 31

Humidity

Back 31

the amount of water vapor in the air

Front 32

describe how clouds form

Back 32

it forms when the air is cooled and condensation occurs

Front 33

air mass

Back 33

a large body of air where temperature and moisture content are constant throughout

Front 34

source region

Back 34

is the area over which air masses form

Front 35

what two characteristics identify air masses

Back 35

temperature and moisture content identify air masses

Front 36

where does an mP air mass form,and what are it's characteristics

Back 36

they form in the north by water and they are cold and wet

Front 37

where does an mT air mass form and what are it's characteristics

Back 37

it forms in the south in warm wet places

Front 38

where does a cT air mass form and what are it's characteristics

Back 38

it forms in the south over warm dry land

Front 39

where does a cP air mass form and what are its characteristics

Back 39

it forms in the north over cold dry land

Front 40

front

Back 40

the boundary between air masses of differnt densities and usualy different temperatures

Front 41

cold front

Back 41

is when cold air masses move under warmer air, whic is less dense and pushes the warm air up. bring thunderstorms, heavy rain, or snow and then cool dry weather

Front 42

warm front

Back 42

a warm front forms where air moves over colder air replacing the colder air. it brings drizzling rain and then clear warm weather

Front 43

cyclone

Back 43

is an area in the atmosphere that has lower pressure than the surrounding areas and has wind that spirals toward the center

Front 44

anticyclone

Back 44

is the rotation of air around a high pressure center in the direction opposite to earth's rotation

Front 45

identify all five oceans ona world map

Back 45

atlantic, pacific, indian, arctic, and southern ocean

Front 46

which ocean is the smallest and which is the largest

Back 46

the arctic is the smallest and the pacific is the largest

Front 47

which ocean named in 2000, extebds from 60 degrees south latitude to the coast of antarctica

Back 47

the southern ocean

Front 48

what did the earth look like 4.5 billion years ago

Back 48

there were no oceans and volcanoes spewed lava, ashes, and gases

Front 49

describe how the oceans formed

Back 49

the earth cooled enough for water vapor to condense and then the rain filled up the deeper levels of earth's surface

Front 50

salinity

Back 50

a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid

Front 51

where does the salt in the ocean come from

Back 51

the salt comes from rivers and streams that flow into the ocean. they gather minerals on land and deposite them into the sea

Front 52

what is the most abundant dissolved solid in the ocean

Back 52

sodium cloride

Front 53

how many grams of dissolved solids are in 1kg of ocean water

Back 53

35g of dissolved solids are in a kg of ocean water

Front 54

what percentage of dissolved solids in the ocean are chlorine

Back 54

55% is chlorine

Front 55

what percentage of dissolved solids in the ocean are sodium

Back 55

30.6% is sodium

Front 56

Name 3 factors that can affect the salinity of ocean water

Back 56

climate, water movement, and water temperature

Front 57

where can you find an area in the ocean with high salinity and why

Back 57

in the mediteranean sea because it is extremly hot there

Front 58

where can you find an area in the ocean with low saalinity and why

Back 58

the hudson bay because it is cold and rivers run into it

Front 59

what happens to the temperature of ocean water as depth increases

Back 59

the water temperature decreases

Front 60

name 3 temperature zones in the ocean

Back 60

surface zone, thermocline, and deep zone

Front 61

what factors influence ocean surface temperature

Back 61

it varies with temperature and time of year

Front 62

name the range of ocean surface temperatures from the poles to the equator

Back 62

1 degree celcius to 24 degrees celcius

Front 63

how does the ocean regulate earths temperature

Back 63

it regulates it by absorbing and releasing thermal energy

Front 64

what major ocean current keeps the brithish isles warmer than other regions at the same latitiude

Back 64

gulf stream current

Front 65

Continental shelf

Back 65

the genty sloping section of the continental margin located between the shoreline and the continental slope

Front 66

Continental slope

Back 66

the steeply inclined section of the continental margin located cetween the continental rise and the continental shelf

Front 67

Continental rise

Back 67

the gently sloping section of the continental margin located between the continental slope and the abyssal plain made of large piles of sediment

Front 68

Abyssal Plane

Back 68

a large flat almost level area of the deep ocean basin

Front 69

Mid-ocean ridge

Back 69

a long undersea mountain chain that forms along the floor of the major oceans

Front 70

Rift valley

Back 70

a long narrow valley that forms a tectonic plates seperate

Front 71

Seamount

Back 71

a submerged mountain on the ocean floor that is at least 1,000m high and that has a volcanic margin

Front 72

Ocean trench

Back 72

A steep long depressionin the deep sea floor that runs parrellel to a chain of volcanic islands or a continental margin

Front 73

Guyot

Back 73

A flat topped seamount found mainly in the pacific ocean

Front 74

Sea floor spreading

Back 74

the process by which new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms as magma rises to Earth's surface and solidifies at a mid-ocean ridge

Front 75

plankton

Back 75

orginisms that float or drift freely the the surface. most of them are microscopic

Front 76

phytoplankton

Back 76

are plant like plankton

Front 77

zooplankton

Back 77

animal like plankton

Front 78

nekton

Back 78

orginisms that swim actively in the open ocean

Front 79

Benthos

Back 79

orginisms that live on or in the ocean floor

Front 80

Benthic environment

Back 80

the region near the bottom of a pond, lake, or ocean

Front 81

intertidal Zone

Back 81

the shallowest zone and is located between the lowtide and the hightide limits.it is covered with water part of the day and the other part of the daythe land is exposed to the air and sun.Barnicles, crabs, starfish, oysters, and clams live in this zone

Front 82

sublittoral zone

Back 82

it begins at the lowtide limit and ends at the edge of the continental shelf. water temperature, sunlight and pressure, remains stable. Coral, sponges, sea anemones, sea stars, flounder, and octopus live in this zone

Front 83

Bathyal zone

Back 83

it extends fromthe edge of the continental shelf to the abyssal plain. the depth ranges from 200m to 4,000m below sea level. sponges, brachiopods, sea stars echinoids, octopuses, and sand dollars

Front 84

Abyssal Zone

Back 84

it is the largest ecological zone and can reach 4,000m in depth. It is located on the abyssal plain. Crabs, sponges,tube worms, and sea cucumbers live here

Front 85

Hadal Zone

Back 85

it the deepest benthic environment and can reech up to 7,000 m deep. Sponges clams and tube worms live here

Front 86

pelagic environment

Back 86

in the ocean, the zone near the surface or at the middle depths, beyond the sublittoral zone. the pelagic environment contains the water of the ocean

Front 87

neritic zone

Back 87

covers the continental shelf. this warm shallow zone contains the largest concentration of marine life. Fish, plankton, and marine animals such as dolphins, sharks, and sea turtles also live here

Front 88

oceanic zone

Back 88

it contains the volume of the water over the sea floor, except the continental shelf. orginisms are more spread out than in the neritic zone. Sharks whales, jellyfish, squid, and angler fish are few orginisms that live there