Science Test #1

Front 1

cell theory (3)

Back 1

-all organisms are made of one or more cells
-the cell is the smallest unit of life
-all new cells come from preexisting cells

Front 2

animal cell parts (10)

Back 2

1. cell membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. endoplasmic reticulum
4. golgi complex
5. nucleus (nuclear membrane, nucleolus, dna)
6. mitochondria
7. ribosomes
8. vacuoles
9. lysosomes
10. centriole

Front 3

plant cell parts (10)

Back 3

a) cell membrane
b) cytoplasm
c) endoplasmic reticulum
d) golgi complex
e) nucleus (nuclear membran, nucleolus, genetic material)
f) mitochondria
g) vacuale
h) cell wall
i) chloroplast

Front 4

cell membrane

Back 4

a flexible covering surrounding every cell made up of layers of linked molecules, that protects the inside of a cell from the environment form the outside of the cell.

Front 5

cell wall

Back 5

a rigid outer layer of every plant cell surrounding the cell membrane that maintains the shape of the cell

Front 6

cytoplasm

Back 6

a thick fluid made up of mostly water located in every cell in which organelles are suspended

Front 7

cytoskeleton

Back 7

a network of fibers found in animal cells that play a role in muscle contraction, cell division, cell movement and maintenance of cell shape

Front 8

organelles

Back 8

structures in the cytoplasm that have specific functions

Front 9

vacuole (animal)

Back 9

the storage organelles of a cell that contain food molecules, water or waste products

Front 10

vacuole (plant)

Back 10

a large organelle that stores water and other molecules that are important for a plant cells

Front 11

chloroplasts

Back 11

an organelle found in plant cells that us light energy to make food from water and carbon dioxide

Front 12

mitochondria

Back 12

membrane-bound organelles found in all cells that transform the unusable energy in food molecules into a form of usable energy. (also called the power plants of a cell)

Front 13

nucleus

Back 13

a large organelle inside most cells that contains the genetic material and is called the control center of the cell

Front 14

prokaryotic cell

Back 14

a cell without a nucleus and most other organelles or otherwise known as bacteria

Front 15

eukaryotic cell

Back 15

a cell with a nucleus and other organelles

Front 16

parts of the eye

Back 16

a) cornea
b) pupil
c) iris
d) lens
e) retina
f) optic nerve

Front 17

path of light in the eye

Back 17

1. cornea
2. iris/pupil
3. lens
4. retina
5. optic nerve

Front 18

cornea

Back 18

a transparent layer that causes light rays to bend as they enter the eye

Front 19

pupil

Back 19

the opening into the eye

Front 20

iris

Back 20

expands and contracts to control the amount of light that enters the eye

Front 21

lens

Back 21

transparent structure that changes shape to form an image on the retina

Front 22

retina

Back 22

a thin layer that contains light-sensitive cells

Front 23

optic nerve

Back 23

carries signals form the retina to the brain

Front 24

refraction

Back 24

occurs when a light ray changes direction as it passes from one material to another

Front 25

reflection

Back 25

when a light ray strikes a surface and is redirected depending on the initial direction

Front 26

photosynthesis

Back 26

a series of chemical reactions that makes food for a plant

Front 27

cellular respiration

Back 27

a series of chemical reactions that transforms energy in food molecules to usable energy, ATP

Front 28

diffusion

Back 28

the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Front 29

osmosis

Back 29

the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 30

passive transport

Back 30

the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

Front 31

active transport

Back 31

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.

Front 32

methods of active transport

Back 32

1) transport proteins in the cell membrane pick up molecules outside the cell and carry them in
2) engulfing, in which the cell membrane surround or engulfs a particle

Front 33

nuclear membrane

Back 33

surrounds the nucleus; allows certain substances to pass between the nucleus and the rest of the cell

Front 34

nucleolus

Back 34

organelle found in the nucleus in which the production of ribosomes takes place

Front 35

chromosomes

Back 35

structures made of long chains of DNA located inside the nucleus

Front 36

vacuole

Back 36

organelle which stores water and plant substances

Front 37

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 37

organelle which makes lipids and gets rid of chemicals and poisons

Front 38

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 38

organelle which makes and modifies proteins

Front 39

ribosome

Back 39

a small structure without a membrane, that are sometimes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 40

lysosome

Back 40

stores digestive enzymes

Front 41

centriole

Back 41

cylindrical structures composed of groupings of microtubes and are found in animal cells and play a role for cell division

Front 42

1. Naproxen

Back 42

a. Other drugs for aborting migraines NSAID

Front 43

cilium

Back 43

hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wave like manner

Front 44

vesicle

Back 44

transports substances

Front 45

steps of cellular respiration

Back 45

1. glycolysis breaks down a gluclose molecule into 2 smaller molecules
2. the maller molecules are broken down into molecules of carbon dioxide(waste product) in the mitochondria
3. the electrons and presence of oxygen produce large amounts of ATP and water