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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Describe the shape of a plant cell
rectangular shaped
Describe the shape of an animal cell
more round, irregular shaped
Name the similarities between plant cells and animal cells
Both have a :

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
What are the differences between a plant cell and an animal cell?
PLANT CELL has a:

Cell wall
Chloroplasts

ANIMAL CELL has:

No cell wall
No Chloroplasts
In what way is your brain similar to the nucleus of a cell?
The brain controls the activities in our body.

Similarly the nucleus controls the activities in the cell
Why do you think a plant cell has a rectangular shape but an animal cell is more irregular
The plant cell has a cell wall, giving it a more rigid shape
Explain the function of the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane.
Nucleus controls all the activities inside the cell.
All your generic information is stored here.

The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance where the nutrients are used and where chemical reactions take place.

The cell membrane is like a sieve.
It keeps good nutrients inside the cell and bad things out.
What is the largest biological cell that we know of?
The first type of cell larger than the ostrich egg are nerve cells in especially long animals, such as the Giant Squid and Colossal Squid, which may have nerve cells as long as 12 m (39 ft). This is about 80 times larger than an ostrich egg.


In giraffes, the nerve cells may be several meters long, running the whole length of the animal's neck, and in humans, the longest nerve cells are about 1.5 m, running from the base of the spine to the toes. So even the human body has biological cells larger than the ostrich egg.
What is a paramecium?
A type of unicellular organism that lives in water
Name the structure of a unicellular organism
Macronucleus
Vacuole
Micronucleus
Oral groove
Cilia
Name the structures of a cell
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
What are multicellular organisms?
Living things that are made up of billions of cells
What are unicellular organisms?
Living things that consist of only one cell
Onion cells are plant cells and yet there are no choroplasts in the cell. Why?
The onions that we eat are BULBS. Only the leaves of plants produce food through photosynthesis.
Just like all other living things, even a unicellular organism carries out life processes. How many life processes?
7
What are the 7 life processes of any living thing, including unicellular organisms?
Every cell can:
eat
breathe
excrete
grow
respond to stimuli through its senses
move
reproduce

This allows it to sustain life of an organism as a whole
Why would you need to use an iodine solution on for eg. onions?
The color of the iodine helps to stain the cell parts so that you can see them clearly
What do you think would have happened if you created an air bubble when you placed the cover slip on the onion layer?
The image would look blurred.

(It would almost be like looking through a window with lots of raindrops on it)
Why do you think you should use the inside layer of the onion? Why couldn't you just look at a piece of onion instead?
The piece of onion is too thick, whereas the onion slice is transparent which allows the light from the microscope to go through it.
What is the difference between a multicellular organism and a unicellular organism?
A multicellular organism is made up of many cells, whereas a unicellular organism is made of one cell only.
Name 7 things that you and a unicellular organism have in common.
Eat
Excrete
Breathe
Respond to stimuli
Move
Reproduce
How can the unicellular organism move if it doesn't have any limbs?
The cell has cilia, which are hair-like structures that allow the cell to move.
What features does this organism (paramecium) have to allow it to carry out digestion and sexual reproduction.
The oral groove allows the cell to carry out digestion.

The micronucleus allows it to carry out sexual reproduction.
Why do you think the nerve cell is quite long?
A nerve cell goes from the head to the spine and all around the body because it sends messages around the body.

For example, if we were to touch something hot, the nerve cell immediately tells us, via the brain, to remove our hand so we don't get burned.
Where would you expect to see a lot of nerve tissue?
In the brain and the spinal area
What do the nerve cell and the fat cell have in common?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Why do you think the muscle cell has a long shape?
It needs to be able to stretch and shorten, for example when we extend and shorten our arm.
What type of cells would you expect to see in the heart?
Muscle
Fat
Nerve cells
Do a 'mental mindmap' that would reflect the correct sequence to show how an organism is organised.
From top to bottom:

Similar cells
Tissue
Organs
Systems
Organism
By what are most diseases and infections caused?
Viruses
Bacteria
Give a short description of bacteria.
Single living cells

Many bacteria live in our bodies all the time and cause no harm

Other bacteria can make us very ill
Name a few serious diseases that can be caused by bacteria.
Sore throats
Typhoid
Tuberculosis (TB)
Name 2 ways in which bacteria can cause disease.
They kill the cells in our bodies

They produce poisons called toxins that cause pain and fever
What group of medicines are able to kill bacteria and help to cure bacterial diseases?
Antibiotics
What is the smallest, viruses or bacteria?
Viruses are smaller than bacteria

One million viruses could fit into a single bacterium!
How do viruses make us sick?
By getting inside our healthy cells and turning them into virus factories.
Why are viral diseases often difficult to cure?
Because no known medicine can kill a virus.
What is the only cells in your blood, that are able to stop the viruses from making you sick. What are these cells called?
White blood cells
What are the functions of the white blood cells?
They are able to stop the viruses from making you sick.

They form part of your immune system
Which cells form part of your immune system?
White blood cells
What is HIV?
Human
Immuno-deficiency
Virus
What is AIDS?
Aquired (you get this from the HIV virus)

Immune (affects the immune system)

Deficiency (It weakens the immune system)

Syndrome (Because of the weakened immune system, other diseases can attack the body and the person will eventually die from these diseases)
When a person's immune system becomes weak from the HIV virus, he or she can get many illnesses.

The body cannot fight these diseases and the person will become very sick.

The person may get diseases such as the following?:
Tuberculosis (TB)
Pneumonia
diarrhoea and vomiting
very severe weight loss
fevers and night sweats
mouth rashes and infections
skin sores and infections
What is pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. It is characterized primarily by inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs or by alveoli that are filled with fluid (alveoli are microscopic sacs in the lungs that absorb oxygen).

At times a very serious condition, pneumonia can make a person very sick or even cause death.

Although the disease can occur in young and healthy people, it is most dangerous for older adults, babies, and people with other diseases or impaired immune systems.
How can you get AIDS?
Sex is the main way.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: A mother who is HIV positive can pass the virus to her baby through her blood or breast milk.

Infected blood:
Blood transfusion,

Injecting drugs with a shared needle,

Tattooing or body piercing done with an infected needle

Direct contact with blood of infected person through cuts or sores on your skin
What are the main parts of your circulatory system?
Blood vessels (veins, arteries, capillaries)

Heart

Lungs
List 5 things that your blood contains
Water
Dissolved substances
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Give two differences between an artery and a vein.
VEINS carry blood to the heart

ARTERIES carry blood away from the heart

When an ARTERYis damaged, the pumping of the heart causes blood to spurt out.

Blood from a damaged VEIN will just flow out.
Why do you think the left half of the heart is bigger than the right half?
Because the LEFT SIDE works harder by pumping blood around the body.

The RIGHT SIDE only pumps blood to the lungs, which is a very short distance in comparison to the rest of the body.
When we exercise for a long time, we get tired, but our heart continues to pump 24 hours a day without getting tired. Why do you think that is so?
The heart is close to the lungs.

Blood brings oxygen from the lungs directly to the heart, which ensures that the heart always has a good supply of oxygen to keep it from getting tired.

However, if the blood vessels bringing oxygen rich blood to the heart get blocked, there won't be as much oxygen coming to the heart and so the heart will get tired.

It is important to eat healthily and exercise regularly to avoid your arteries getting blocked.