Science Superquiz - Rocks

Front 1

Fine grain, Mafic

Back 1

Basalt

Front 2

Fine grain, Medium

Back 2

Andesite

Front 3

Fine grain, Felsic

Back 3

Rhyolite

Front 4

Coarse grain, Mafic

Back 4

Gabbro

Front 5

Coarse grain, Medium

Back 5

Diorite

Front 6

Coarse grain, Felsic

Back 6

Granite

Front 7

Glassy

Back 7

Obsidian (all colors)

Front 8

Porous, Mafic

Back 8

Scoria

Front 9

Porous, Medium or Felsic

Back 9

Pumice

Front 10

What does mafic mean?

Back 10

Dark colored minerals, contains iron and magnesium

Front 11

What does medium mean?

Back 11

Contains a mixture of silicates and iron/magnesium

Front 12

What does felsic mean?

Back 12

Light colored (PINK NOT WHITE), made of silicates (i.e. quartz)

Front 13

Describe the rock cycle (pick a starting point)

Back 13

Magma cools, turns to igneous rock. Weathering and erosion turns igneous rock into sediments. Compactation adn cementation turns sedimants into sedimentary rock. Heat and pressure turns sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock. metamorphic rock melts and turns into magma.

Front 14

How can a rock not take part in the rock cycle?

Back 14

It could melt and go very far underneath the surface and stay magma. It could also be somehow flung into space (past the atmosphere).

Front 15

Before a rock turns into magma, it must first turn into something else. What is it and why?

Back 15

It must first turn into a metamorphic rock, even for just a short time, because heat and pressure changes an old rock into a metamorphic rock, so if a rock is heated it must turn into a metamorphic rock.

Front 16

What are the three kinds of rocks and how are they formed?

Back 16

Igneous - Cooling of magma
Sedimentary - compactation/cementation of sediments
Metamorphic - heat nad pressure applied to old rocks

Front 17

What is an igneous rock mass?

Back 17

Igneous rock formations that can be identified.

Front 18

What are the two types of igneous rock masses?

Back 18

Extrusions and Intrusions

Front 19

Name the types of extrusions

Back 19

Volcanic neck - when a volcano's cone wears away and only the rock in the vent stays
Lava Flow - Formed when lava flows out of cracks in the crust and spreads

Front 20

Name the types of intrusions

Back 20

Sill - Formed when a sheet of magma flows between rock layers and cools (always parallel to layers around it)
Dike - Vertical rock formation formed when magma forces its way upward
Laccolith - Formed when magma flows between rock layers and pushes upward, pushing rock layers above into an arc
Batholith/stock-largest of intrusions, larger than 100 squ. ft. Stock is less than 100 squ. ft.

Front 21

What are the ways to identify a sedimentary rock?

Back 21

Composition and Texture (grain size)

Front 22

What are the types of composition?

Back 22

Chemical - formed by evaporation
Organic - formed by dead plants, animals (coal-dead plants limestone-dead sea animals)
Clastic - Formed out of other pieces of rock (clay, sand, gravel)

Hint 22

(In sedimentary rock)

Front 23

What are the different textures a sedimentary rock can have?

Back 23

Gravel-largest
Sand-medium
Clay-smallest

Front 24

Why does limestone react with acid?

Back 24

Because it contains calcite

Front 25

What is the difference between chemical and organic limestone?

Back 25

Organic limestone will have dead sea animals and calcite holding it together. Chemical limestone will have calcite and other minerals.

Front 26

What can sediments be made of?

Back 26

Anything (rocks, dead plants, dead animals...)

Front 27

Where does limestone form? How do you know?

Back 27

Ocean bottoms, because limestone if ormed from dead sea animals that sink to the bottom of the ocean.

Front 28

Clay, sand, and gravel, gravel is round and smooth

Back 28

Conglomerate

Front 29

Clay, sand, and gravel, gravel is rough/sharp

Back 29

Breccia

Front 30

Made of sand, feels like sandpaper

Back 30

Sandstone

Front 31

Clay, often black, smooth but not shiny

Back 31

Shale

Front 32

Has shells, is often pale, reacts with acid

Back 32

Limestone

Front 33

Black, light, shiny (looks like obsidian but makes a mark on paper)

Back 33

Coal

Front 34

Invisible layers, grain size - microscopic

Back 34

Slate

Front 35

Invisible layers, grain size - microscopic w/ shiny flakes

Back 35

Phyllite

Front 36

Visible layers, visible minerals (i.e. garnet)

Back 36

Schist

Front 37

Color banding (zebra), grain size - visible quartz/amphibole

Back 37

Gneiss

Front 38

Nonfoliated, no layers, visible calcite

Back 38

Marble

Front 39

Nonfoliated, no layers, visible quartz

Back 39

Quartzite

Front 40

Nonfoliated, no layers, green serpentine

Back 40

Serpentinite

Front 41

What do rocks tell us?

Back 41

They tell us "stories" about where they came from (the environment they were created)

Front 42

Where does coal form?

Back 42

In a swamp, because it is hot and muggy and there are lots of dead plants.

Front 43

Where does sandstone form?

Back 43

In deserts, beaches, or lakes (rivers carry sand)

Front 44

Where does conglomerate form?

Back 44

Rivers, because rivers carry clay, sand, and gravel.

Front 45

Where does breccia form?

Back 45

Mountains, because the rocks tumble down from the top, and get sharp edges.

Front 46

Where does limestone form?

Back 46

In the ocean, because organic limestone is formed from dead sea animals (mostly seashells, they have a greater chance of sinking to the bottom) that sink.

Front 47

Where do rocks made of clay form?

Back 47

At the bottom of the ocean, because clay can travel long distances.

Front 48

What are sedimentary features?

Back 48

Features that can identify sedimentary rocks and their environment.

Front 49

What are ripple marks?

Back 49

Marks formed by wind or water.
If they're parallel - formed by water
If they're not - formed by wind

Front 50

What are mud cracks?

Back 50

They result when muddy deposits dry and shrink, form in swamps and deserts, dry lake beds.

Front 51

What is one way to tell that there was once water in a certain area?

Back 51

See if there are mud cracks.

Front 52

If shale is the parent rock, name the three rocks it can turn into (in order).

Back 52

Slate, Schist, Gneiss

Front 53

If granite is the parent rock, name the three rocks it can turn into (in order).

Back 53

Granite, Granite, Gneiss

Front 54

If sandstone is the parent rock, name the three rocks it can turn into (in order).

Back 54

Sandstone, Quartzite, Quartzite

Front 55

If limestone is the parent rock, name the three rocks it can turn into (in order).

Back 55

Marble, Marble, Marble

Front 56

If rhyolite is the parent rock, name the three rocks it can turn into (in order).

Back 56

Schist, schist, gneiss

Front 57

How can you tell a metamorphic rock apart from other rocks?

Back 57

Because they are denser, heavier

Front 58

Why does scoria sink, while pumice floats, even though they are both porous?

Back 58

Because scoria is made of iron and magnesium, and pumice is made of silicates, and silicates are less dense.

Front 59

If you have a rock that has ripple marks that are parallel, and it gradually gets higher then has a steep slope, where was it formed?

Back 59

In a river, because the parallel ripple marks show that it was formed in water, and the slopes show that it was formed in a river instead of a lake.