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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of deformation and what do they do?
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- Elastic: the material can be deformed but will always return to its original state.
- Plastic: the material will be deformed after going under a constraint. - Fracture: the material will break after being under a constraint. |
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What are the 5 types of constraints?
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- Compression
- Tension - Shearing - Deflection -Torsion |
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What are the 3 types of properties a material can have?
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- Resistance to corosion
- Electrical conductivity - Thermal conductivity |
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What are the 6 types of mechanical properties of a material?
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- Hardness: resist identation or abrasion
- Elasticity: ability to return to its original shape - Resilience: resist shocks - Ductility: stretching without breaking - Malleability: flattened or bent without breaking - Stiffness: retain shape |
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How do you calculate the speed ration in a motion transmission system?
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diameter OR # of teeth in gear A / diameter OR # of teeth in gear B
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What are the different kinds of links?
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Direct: no linking component/Indirect: has a linking component
Rigid: linking component or surface is rigid/Flexible: linking component or surface can be deformed Removable: can seperate each part without damaging the surface/Non-Removable: will damage if both parts are seperated Complete: linked parts cannot move independantly from each other/Partial: linked parts can move independantly from one another |
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What are the functions of:
a) battery b) wires c) switch d) lightbulb e) plastic coating around wires |
a) Power source: creates electrical power for the circuit.
b) Conduction: allows the e- to flow all over the circuit. c) Control: controls the flow of e- on certain wires. d) Transformation of energy: transforms electrical energy into another form of energy (ex.:thermal) e) Insulation: prevents the flow of e- of flowing to undesired places. |
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What are the factors that affects the resistance of a wire?
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i. nature of the wire (material it is made of)
ii. diameter (larger the diameter less resistance it has iii. length (longer the length, bigger the resistance |
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What are the 3 main types of switches?
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- Push button switch
- Magnetic switch - Toggle switch |
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What is the formula to calculate intensity (A), resistance (omega) and voltage (V)?
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Voltage = resistance/intensity
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What are soil horizons?
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Different layers of soil running parallel to the surface of the ground.
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What are the necessary conditions for the soil to be fertile?
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- Proper pH
- Sufficient amount of minerals - Adequate moisture |
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How do you calculate ppm (parts per million)?
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You cross multiply!
ex.: 32 g / 1 000 mL = x g / 1 000 000 |
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On the pH scale, how much more is an acid/base strnoger than the one before it?
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x 10 000 more
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In pH, what is a turning point?
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The turning point is when the indicator changes from its initial color to its final color.
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What is the difference between a universal indicator and any indicator?
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Universal indicators indicate the pH of a solution directly by having a different color for every pH. However, acid-base indicators change color at different pH levels.
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Why does the pH of a substance vary during the neutralization process?
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You are reducing the amount of H+ or OH- ions. The amount of each ions determines the pH of the substance.
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When a substance is neutralized, what is the general chemical equation?
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(acid + base) = (water & salt)
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What is the fire triangle?
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A triangle demonstrating the three elements the fire needs to ignite.
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What is oxidation?
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When any substance is reacting with oxygen (or something else with different properties).
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What is combustion?
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A form of oxidation that releases a lot of energy.
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What are electrolytes?
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Substances that dissolve in water and allows and electric current to flow.
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What are the 3 types of electrolytes?
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- Acids : HY ---> (H+) + (Y-)
- Bases : xOH ---> (x+) + (OH)- *** x being a metal *** - Salts: XY ---> (X+)(Y-) *** x being a metal and y a non-metal *** |
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What are the states of matter?
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- Solid
- Liquid - Gaseous |
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How does tidal plants funtion?
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When the tide comes in, it fills up a reservoir. When the tides falls, the water exits the reservoir and makes a turbine turn. When the turbine turns, it generates electrical energy.
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What is the formula used to calculate concentrations?
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Concentration = grams / volume (mL)
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What is a solute?
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Substance dissolved in a solvent.
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What is a solvent?
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A substance where the solute is dissolved.
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What are the four families of elements?
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1. Alkaline metals
2. Alkali metals 3. Halogens 4. Noble gases |
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What are the steps to draw the Rutherford-Bohr model?
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1. draw nucleus
2. write the # of p+ in nucleus (atomic #) 3. draw orbits (periods) 4. draw valence e- (groups) 5. draw rest of e- |
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How do experts define the boundaries of water sheds?
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By looking at natural boundaries.
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What are the factors that makes water sink:
a) near poles b) around equator |
a) Colder it gets - denser it gets
b) High temperature - water evaportates - saltier |
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Why is the themohaline circulation important for oceans across the globe?
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Because it regulates the Earth's water temperature and ditributes heat all over the globe.
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What is the difference between park ice and glaciers?
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Glaciers -> in water
Park ice -> on land |
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What are the 4 types of energy?
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- Nuclear power
- Fossil fuels - Geothermal - Renewable |
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Name 2 fuels that come from te lithosphere.
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- Natural gas
- Coal |
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What are some factors that describe terrestrial biomes?
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- latitude
- altitude - temperature - precipitation - winds - soil type |
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What are some factors that describe aquatic biomes?
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- salinity
- clarity of water - temperature - strength of current - oxygen in water |
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What are inland waters?
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All the fresh water bodies found on contients.
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What is a catchment area/watershed?
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an area if land whose lakes and rivers all empty into the same larger body of water.
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What is the cryosphere?
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It consists of all the frozen water on the Earth's surface.
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How is the moon responsible for tides?
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The moon is responsible for tides because of gravity. Gravity pulls the water towards the moon.
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What is the tidal range?
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The difference in water level between low and high tides.
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What are the pros and cons or tidal energy?
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PROS
- reliable - renewable - little greenhouse gas production. CONS - high costs - requires sufficient tidal range - produces electricity only twice per day. |
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What is the name of the zone where air masses meet?
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Front.
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What is a cold air front?
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A cold air front occurs when cold air and warm air meet and the cold air rises steeply. this causes heavy precipitation.
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What is a warm air front?
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A warm air front occures when warm air and cold air meet and the warm air rises. Light showers of precipitation is caused by this.
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