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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are james watson and francis famous for
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developing a model of DNA which looked like a twisted ladder
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explain the difference between the 3 types of symbiotiss
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mutualism- both organisms helped
commensaalism- one helped, other neither helped nor harmed parasite- one helped, other harmed |
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explain the 3 ways organisms interact w/ each other
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competition- organisms compete
predator and prey-organisms eat each other symbiosis- organisms have relationships w/ each other so they can live |
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give examples of how environemtn influences a species development?
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some increase chances of surviving
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what if the difference between genotype and phenotype
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genotype- inherited combo of alleles
phenotype- organisms appearance |
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why is it important to protect a habitat? how can it affect other species?
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habitat protection protects species. habitat destruction may affect biodiversity, if habitats are destroyed, species can be lost.
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how can development of alternative energy sources help conserve the earth's natural resources
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alternative resources generally renewable
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what does biodegradable mean? give examples
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can be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, biodegradable packaging material
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how much waste from cities and towns is due to packaging
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1/3
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why is reusing important
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to conserve resources and prevent pollution
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what is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? what percentage is it
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nitrogen, 78%
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what is a nephron
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tiny filters found inside each kidney, remove harmful substances from the body, found in urinary system
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name the 3 parts of the cardiovascular system
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blood, heart, blood vessels
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what is hemoglobin? what is its funciton
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protein found in RBCs, gives them red color and allows RBCs to carry oxygen throughout the body
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what are antibodes? where are they made? what is their function?
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proteins in WBCs, produces by WBCs, keep pathogens out
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explain the rock cycle
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continual process in which new rock is formed from old rock material, each type can be changed into all of them, sequence of events depends on processes the material goes through
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what is a mineral
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naturally formed solid that has a 3D structure
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what do we call layers of sedimentary rock
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strata
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fossils are found in which type of rock
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sedimentary rock
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can you name the characteristics of the 3 types of silicate minerals shown in figure 2?
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feldspar- main component of most rocks
quarts- basic building blocks of many rocks mica; mineral that separates into sheets when broken |
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name some methods of identifying minerals. which are most/least reliable?
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color, luster, streak, hardness, density, cleavage, fracture
least- color most- density |
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what is the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism?
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uniformitarianism- same geologic processes have been at work
catastrophism- change happens suddenly |
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using the clock on figure 20 to represent the geologic time scale, how long have humans been on the earth?
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seconds
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how old is the earth accoriding to modern geologists
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4.6 billion years
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what types of mediums are fossils found in
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amber, tar- sedimentary rock, petrified fossil found on mountain tops (marine fossils)
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layers of earth and their characteristics
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lithosphere- tectonic plates
asthenosphere- allows tectonic plates to move mesosphere- middle outer core- liquid inner- solid sphere |
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how do scientists use seismic waves
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used to detect physical layers and how they change
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what happens when different types of tectonic plate boundaries collide
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convergent- mountains
subduction- oceanic mountains |
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what is pangea
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single continent that all of earth's land was long ago
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tectonic plates
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large pieces of lithosphere that move on top of the asthenosphere
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3 types of plate boudnaries
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convergent- collide
divergent- separate transform- slide past each other |
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how does soil erosion and desertification affect the growing of food
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lessens the amount of land we can actually grow crops on
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why is it important that many countries work together ot keep oceans clean
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all oceans are connected and b/c it is a world problem requiring efforts from everyone
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how does nonpoint-source pollution reach bodies of water
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runoff
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list at least 6 types of natural air pollution
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dust, sea salt, volcanic, gases, ash, smoke from forest fires, pollen
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where do most air pollutants come from
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primary sources, natural sources
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can you identify the specific name and describe the high, middle, and low cloud types
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cirro- high
alto-middle strato-low |
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in which direction do fluids always exert pressure
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evenly in all directions
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how does the density of helium make a balloon float in air
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helium is less dense than air, so it can float. a volume of helium displaces an equal volume of air, so it floats
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what is a fluid, give examples
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anything that can flow and takes the shape of its container ex. water, oil, carbon, oxygen
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bernoullis principle
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fluid pressure decreases as fluid speed increases
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how does air pressure relate to altitude
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the deeper you are, the higher the air pressure
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how does density of air compare to the density of most objects? density of oil & water?
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most objects are more dense than air, oil is less dense than water, so it should float in water
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explain ptolemys theory?
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earth is center of universe and sun and other planets revolve around it
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what is galileo famous for
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being the first to use a telescope to observe objects in space
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how old is the universe according to the big bang theory
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12-15 billion years
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describe the 3 types of galaxies
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spiral- bulge in center, spiral arms
elliptical- bright centers, mostly old stars, little gas irregular- dont fit in any group, irregular shape |
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day, week, month, year
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day- earth rotates once on axis
week-7 days month- moon revolves once around earth yr- earth revolves once around sun |
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what did kepler believe about the universe
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all planets revolve around sun in an ellipse, and sun isn't exact center of their orbital paths
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what did newton believe about the universe
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gravity keeps all these objects in orbit
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big bang theory
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universe began w/ a tremendous explosion, gathered together under pressure then rapidly expanded
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nebula
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giant clouds of gas and dust
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what determines which stars you see in the night sky
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latitude, time of yr, and time of night
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circumpolar star
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stars that can be seen at all times of the year and all times of the night because of earth's location
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vernal equinox
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the point at which the sun appears on the 1st day of spring
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horizon, zenith, altitude
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horizon- line where sky and earth appear to meet
zenith- imaginary point in sky directly above observer on earth |
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can you use the table on page 633 to describe different classes of stars
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blue- hottest
red- coolest |
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absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude
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apparent magnitude- how bright a star looks
absolute- actual brightness |
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why is the HR diagram useful
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studying nature of stars and shows how stars are classified by temperature and brightness and how they change over time
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what is forensic science
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application of science to law in events subject to criminal or civil litigation, usually involves chemistry, psychology, biology, physics, enginnering, medicine, etc
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describe layers of hair shaft
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medulla- middle
cuticle- outermost layer cortex- contains pigment-storing cells |
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which types of foods contain monosaccharides? polysaccharides? proteins?
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mono- honey, fruit,some soft drinks
poly- starches proteins- meats, animal products |
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enzyme
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protein known as a catalyst b/c it speeds up chemical reaction by lowering amount of activation energy needed for reaction
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what does a kastle-meyer test detect
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heme, found in iron
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parts of a microscope
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eyepiece, stage, objective lens, illuminator
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how do you focus a microscope properly
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start w/ the lowest power objectives lenses
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what do you need in order to develop a hypothesis
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have asked a question and made observations and experiments
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what do you do with a conclusion
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helps quide what you do next, communicate results
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what are the steps of the scientific method in order
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question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion, communicate results
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what does it mean if your hypothesis doesnt match your results
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ask new questions, check calculations, change procedure, use info to lead to other discoveries
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what must be included in a controlled experiment
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control group, experimental group, testable variable
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what is density? give an example of 2 mediums w/ different volume
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amount of matter in a given volume, most objects more dense than air (helium's not)
oil less dense than water so oil floats on top of water |
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what is the difference between sensory neurons and motor neurons
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sensory- gather info about the body
motor- send impulses to other systems |
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what is the largest organ in the nervous system
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BRAINNNNNN!!!!!!!
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role of circulatory system
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carry materials to and from cells
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role of respiratory
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breathing
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urinary system????????
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removes waste products from your blood
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digestive system???????
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digests food
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how about the NERVOUS SYSTEM?????///!!!!!!
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interprets information and responds to it
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EnDoCrInE sYsTeM!!!???!?!???
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controls body processes
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what are hormones? what body system do they belong to?
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endocrine glands in endocrine system, flow through body and act as chemical messengers
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