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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a mineral?
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A substance that is naturally occurring, inorganic, has crystals, solid, and has a definite composition
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What are the two ways minerals form?
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Crystallization of materials dissolved in water and crystallization of melted materials
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What is a solution?
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A mixture in which one substance dissolves in another
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How do veins of minerals form?
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Solutions of hot water containing dissolved minerals follow cracks within a rock and then crystallize into veins
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What is an ore?
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A rock that contains a metal or economically useful material
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What element is necessary for a substance to be organic?
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Carbon
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If a substance is inorganic, what does that mean?
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It does not contain carbon
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What do geologists mean when they say a mineral has a definite composition?
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It contains the exact number of elements in specific ratios
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What are three types of crystals that may be found in minerals?
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Cubic, hexagonal, orthorhombic
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What are the tests used to identify a mineral?
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Density, color, luster, cleavage, fracture, hardness
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What is the Mohs Hardness scale?
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A scale that measures how well a substance resists scratching
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What is the range of Mohs Hardness scale?
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1-10
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What is the softest and hardest mineral?
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Softest= Talc
Hardest= Diamond |
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What are the four major minerals found in granite?
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Mica, Quartz, Feldspar, and Hornblende
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What are the black particles in granite called?
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Hornblende
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What are gems?
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A cut and polished gemstone
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Is coal a mineral? Why?
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No, it is made from organic material
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Where in the US are the major coal mines located?
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Wyoming, West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Montana
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What is the difference between a miner and a prospector?
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A prospector discovers the locations and a miner extracts the substance
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