Earth Science: Minerals, Rocks, And Mineral Resources

Front 1

What are the properties of a mineral?

Back 1

Color, Streak, Luster, Hardness, Density, Cleavage, and Crystal Structure

Front 2

What is a mineral?

Back 2

A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid having a definite chemical composition.

Front 3

Why is a mineral inoganic?

Back 3

It is inorganic because it has not been made by or composed of life forms.

Front 4

What are two examples of non minerals?

Back 4

Fossil fuels and a pearl from an oyster.

Front 5

Why is a mineral crystalline?

Back 5

A mineral is crystalline because its atoms have a specific arrangement.

Front 6

What is the arrangement of atoms called?

Back 6

Crystal Structure

Front 7

Two or more elements?

Back 7

Compound

Front 8

What is a rock?

Back 8

Any naturally occurring formed solid that is part of Earth or any other celestial body.

Front 9

Silicate

Back 9

Silicon and Oxygen combined

Front 10

Two ways that minerals are processed

Back 10

Crystallization - organizing atoms to form crystalline solids.
Recrystallization - having atoms from the solids, liquids, and gases associated with various rock-forming environment

Front 11

Color?

Back 11

Color of a mineral

Front 12

Streak

Back 12

The color of finely crushed residue or powder of a mineral is its streak.

Front 13

Luster

Back 13

The shine from an unweathered mineral's surface, or the way a mineral looks in reflected light.

Front 14

Hardness

Back 14

The resistance a mineral offers to being scratched.

Front 15

Density

Back 15

Each mineral has a specific density or a small range of densities - for those that vary in mineral composition.

Front 16

Cleavage

Back 16

The tendency of a mineral to break along the zones of weakness and form smooth to semi-smooth parallel sides,or surfaces.

Front 17

Crystal Structure

Back 17

The outward geometric shape of a mineral, the crystal form, or crystal shaped.

Front 18

3 rock types

Back 18

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

Front 19

texture

Back 19

the size, and arrangement of the materials the rock is composed of

Front 20

mineral crystals

Back 20

individual grains of minerals

Front 21

Crystalline

Back 21

rocks that are made of intergrown or interconnecting mineral crystals

Front 22

Sedimentary rocks

Back 22

Rocks that form form an accumulation of sediments derived from preexisting rocks and/or organic materials.

Front 23

Cementation

Back 23

Often the clasts, such as sand, silt, and pebbles, are cemented solid fragments or sediments.

Front 24

Clastic sedimentary rock

Back 24

one that is largely composed of solid sediments, such as the sand in sandstone, or the tiny pieces of clay in shale.

Front 25

Organic

Back 25

anything related to organisms or to things that were alive

Front 26

Bioclastic sedimentary rock

Back 26

any rock made by living organisms or mostly composed of materials from life forms

Front 27

Igneous rock

Back 27

rocks that form when natural, molten rock forming material and turns into a solid.

Front 28

magma

Back 28

liquid rock material beneath earth's solid surface.

Front 29

intrusive igneous rocks

Back 29

when magma solidifies beneath Earth's solid surface, it forms these rocks.

Front 30

extrusive igneous rocks

Back 30

when lava solidifies on or above Earth's solid surface

Front 31

extrusions

Back 31

volcanic rocks, and formed landscape features

Front 32

solidification

Back 32

change from a liquid to a solid

Front 33

metamorphic rocks

Back 33

rocks that form from changes in previously existing rocks due to heat, pressure, and/or mineral fluids without weathering or melting.

Front 34

metamorphism

Back 34

process of forming metamorphic rocks

Front 35

foliation

Back 35

layering of mineral crystals.

Front 36

contact metamorphism

Back 36

when older rocks come in contact with magma of an intrusion or lava of an extrusion the heat and mineral fluids of the liquid rock alter the older rock

Front 37

regional metamorphism

Back 37

increase in temperature and pressure transforms older rocks to a series of metamorphic rocks.

Front 38

two major types of metamorphic rock textures

Back 38

foliated and non foliated

Front 39

rock cycle

Back 39

model used to show how the rock types are interrelated and shows the process that produces each rock type