Science Plant Unit

Front 1

passive transport

Back 1

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Front 2

photosynthesis

Back 2

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen

Front 3

cellular respiration

Back 3

the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide

Front 4

cell membrane

Back 4

a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment

Front 5

chlorophyll

Back 5

a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates

Front 6

chloroplast

Back 6

an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Front 7

concentration

Back 7

the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore

Front 8

active transport

Back 8

the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy

Front 9

anaerobic

Back 9

describes a process that does not require oxygen

Front 10

ATP

Back 10

adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups

Front 11

autotroph

Back 11

an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms

Front 12

heterotroph

Back 12

an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials

Front 13

equilibrium

Back 13

in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space

Front 14

stomates

Back 14

one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural, stomata)

Front 15

diffusion

Back 15

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

Front 16

osmosis

Back 16

the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent