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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mineral |
A naturally occuring inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. |
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Hardness test |
How hard a mineral is (Moh's scale) |
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Softest mineral |
Talc |
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Hardest mineral |
Diamond |
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Streak |
The color of a mineral powder |
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Luster |
The way a mineral reflects light |
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Cleavage |
Mineral that splits easily along flat surfaces |
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Fracture |
The tendency a mineral to break in directions other than along crystal faces or cleavage surfaces |
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Magma |
Under the earth's crust |
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Lava |
On earth's surface |
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Small crystals |
Magma cools fast |
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Large crystals |
Magma cools slowly |
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Tiny crystals |
Lava cools quickly |
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Native Elements |
Pure elements/single element |
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Carbonates |
2nd most common groups |
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Silicates |
Most common/magma formation |
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Sulfides |
S plus a metal |
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Sulfates |
Large number but few are common |
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Halides |
The halogen elements |
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Oxides |
O plus a metal |
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Ore |
Useful mineral that can be mined for profit |
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Gems |
Rare highly prized minerals (hardness of 7 or ^) |
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Rock |
Two or more minerals in combination |
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Igneous rock |
Forms from the cooling of molten rock |
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Extrusive |
Fine grained LAVA |
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Intrusive |
Coarse grained MAGMA |
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Glassy |
Caused by rapid cooling |
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Porphyritic |
Caused by different rates of cooling |
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Sedimentary rocks |
Forms when particles from other rocks or remains of plants and animals are pressed together |
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Weathering and erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation |
Steps or formation of sedimentary rock |
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Sand |
Largest particles |
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Silt |
Medium |
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Clay |
Smallest particles |
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Clastic |
Rock that is made of sediments |
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Organic |
Living parts |
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Chemical |
Form when dissolved substances precipitate seperate from water |
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Metamorphic rock |
Forms from exsisting rock that is changed by extreme heat and pressure |
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Foliated |
Has a banded or layered apperence |
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Nonfoliated |
No banded texture |
