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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nighttime temp would be much lower if _______
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there was no atmosphere
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_______ is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
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radiation
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reflection and abosorbtion by the atmosphere prevents some _______ from reaching earth
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solar energy
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absorption of heat by the atmosphere is called the _________ effect
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greenhouse
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_____ humidity is the amount of water vapor in a volume of air compared to the amount of moisture that could be in that volume of air at a certain temperature
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relative
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when air holds all the water vapor it possibly can, we say it is _______
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saturated
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on a warm summer day, when water droplets form on dust particles in clouds and become too heavy to be held up by wind, we have _____
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rain
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The _______ is an apparent force that results from the earths eastward rotation
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Coriolis
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IF air-containing moisture is cooled, the temperature at which the vapor is turned to liquid is known as the ________
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dew point
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earths water enviornment is know as the _________
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hydrosphere
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When moisture condenses out of air and falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, we are experiencing ________
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precipitation
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Water becomes water vapor by two main methods, evaporation and _________
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transpiration
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The _____ are windless zones at the equator
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doldrums
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The layer of atmosphere on top of the tropopause is the __________
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stratosphere
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The _______ is the ceiling of the weather zone
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tropopause
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electrically charged particles are found in the ________
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ionosphere
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winds that blow toward the equator from about 30 degrees latitude are known as
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tradewinds
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sea and land breezes are caused because
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the land heats and cools faster than the water
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cold, dry, dense air currents that descend weekly to earth at the north or south poles are the _________
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polar easterlies
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the ________ is the layer of the atmosphere nearest earth
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troposphere
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T/F:the pressure of air at 1000 feet is greater than the pressure at sea level
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F
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the ________ is the coldest layer of the atmosphere
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mesosphere
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a _______ is used to measure air pressure
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barometer
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a sea breeze is created when
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land heats faster than water
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the_______ extends from 80 km upward into space
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thermosphere
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the _____________ are responsible for the movement of weather across the united states
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prevailing westerlies
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high, white, feathery clouds usually made of ice crystals with fair weather are _______ clouds
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cirrus
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dark, gray clouds that have ragged edges and produce precipitation are ________ clouds
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nimbus
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water can form on surfaces at night when the air is clear because
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the air temp near the ground drops to the dewpoint
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if everything else were held constant, we would predict that the relative humidity of a classroom full of students would be ___ than of an empty classroom
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higher
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rain that freezes as it drops to the ground is called ______
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sleet
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thick, puff clouds are called ______ clouds
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cumulus
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a _________ forecasts the weather using data collected from many sources
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meteorologist
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to keep track of pressure, weather maps are drawn with lines connecting points of equal pressure. these lines are called _______
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isobars
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__________ are bodies of air that have the same properties as the regions over which they form
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air masses
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areas of high pressure are known as
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anti-cyclones
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______ form where two air masses meet
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fronts
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a violent, whirling wind that moves over a narrow path on land is known as a
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tornado
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when servere weather conditions could occur, a ____ is issued
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watch
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the interactions of air, water, and ________ cause weather
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solar energy
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air masses are important because of their overall______ and moisture content
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temperature
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thunderstorms generally form along a ______
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cold front
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during a storm watch, servere weather
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is likely to occur in your area
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when a severe weather warning is issued, you should
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take shelter or go to shelter immediately
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on a weather map, ___________ describe the local weather at each location
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station models
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large cities may effect weather because of
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large amounts of pavement
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the path earth takes around the sun is its ____
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orbit
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a universe where the sun is the center would be called a _____ universe
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heliocentric
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Gravity and ______ control the earths orbit
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inertia
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Johannes Kepler discovered that the paths in which planets move around the sun are
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elliptical
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the greatest distance of a planet from the sun is known as its ______
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aphelion
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any hot, bright sphere of gas like the sun is called a _______
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star (bright, hot, sphere of gas)
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the most widely held astronimical theory about the origins of the universe is the ___________ theory
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big band
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what are the three types of galexies?
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spiral, elliptical, irregular
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the brightness of a star as we view it from earth is its ________ magnitude
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apparent
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we classify stars using their surface temperatures and ________ magnitudes
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absolute
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a ________ is a star in which matter is dondensed and no light encapes
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black hole
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constellations changr positions in the night sky during the year because ______
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of earths motion
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the laws of motion were developed by
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Newton
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the galaxy im which our solar system is located is a _____ galaxy
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sprial
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the name of our galaxy is the
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milky way
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light gathering telescopes that use concave mirrors are _______ telescopes
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reflecting
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a __________ is used to determine a star's speed and direction
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spectrograph
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_______ invented the reflecting telescope
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newton
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x-rays, visible light, and ultraviolet light are all forms of _______ energy
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radiant
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the elements of the sun can be defined by using a
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sprectroscope
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the distance between the sun and the earth is know as an
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astronimical unit
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the spacecraft placed in orbit by the us and used by several astronauts as a space station was the ______
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skylab
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telescopes that rely of glass lenses to gather and focus light are ___ telescopes
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refracting
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telescopes that collect radio waves are known as _____ telescopes
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radio
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the energy from the sun reackes earth in the form of _____
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radiant energy
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to measure the distance between stars, the unit of measure is ____-
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light years
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stars in the red shift __ from earth
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receed
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TF: the corona is a transparant zone of hot gases around the sun and normally can not be seen
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True
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Sunspots are hot spots on the suns surface TF
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False
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TF the level of sunspot activity seems to increase and decrease in an 11-year cycle
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true
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TF no particles from the sun reach earth
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false
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TF the h-r diagram relates surface temp of a star to its apparent magnitude
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false ish
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TF the greater the magnitude of a star, the brighter it is
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tureee
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TF the sun is a stable star found in the main sequence
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True
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TF radiant energy is defined by wavelegnth, frequency, and waveheight
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True
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TF solar flares often occur near sunspots
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True
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TF all stars have absolute magnitude
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true
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TF there are different constellations in the night sky during different seasons
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True
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red colors on the spectrum indicate long wavelengths TF
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True
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TF infrared waves and gamma rays are not forms of radiant energy
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False
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TF The penumbra is the darkest part of the shadow
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false
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tf the moon does not have any geologic a ctivity
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false
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tf the winter solstice is march 20, when winter officially ends
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false
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tf earth revolves and rotates
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true
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tf observed motion is the same thing as real motions
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false
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tf the seasons occur because of the earths tilt and revolution around the sun
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true
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bright streaks that extend outward from the craters on the moon are called rays tf
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true
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tf scientists are sure of how the moon ca, to circle the earth
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false
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the moon rotates on its axis and revolves around the earth in the same amount of time tf
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true
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tf the space shuttle that blew up was mercury tf
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false
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the voyager was responsible for moon missions tf
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false
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tf newtons 3rd law of motion explains how a rocket motor works
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true
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tf skylab was a space worksho[
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true
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a satellite can orbit a planet
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true
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when the moon is between the earth and the sun
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new moon
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when the moon is on the opposite side of the earth than the sun is
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full moon
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when the moon appears to be north of the earth
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first quarter moon
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a ______ eclipse is when the moon is between earth and the sun
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solar
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during what phase of the moon can a solar eclipse occur?
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new moon
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m, e, b
rotates on its axis |
both
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m, e, b
has seasons |
earth
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m ,e, b
revolves around the sun |
both
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m, e, b
has soil that contains iron in crystal form |
moon
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m, e, b
can cast a shadow on another heavenly body |
both
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m, e, b
has a rotational period equal to its revolutionary period |
moon
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m, e, b
has weather |
earth
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the second smallest planet we know and closest to the sun is _______
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mercury
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the planet that is very hot because of the greenhouse effect and has clouds of sulfuric acid is
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venus
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a plant about the size of venus, has water vapor in its atmosphere and has a rotational period of 24 hours is
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earth
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the largest know volcano in our solar system in an extinct volcano known as Olympus Mons and is found on the planet
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mars
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many planets have natural satellties. phobes, for example, is one of the satellites that orbit the planet
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mars
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the largest know planet in our solar system is known as
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jupiter
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the giant red spot is located on the planet
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jupiter
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_ is the largest of all the solar system satellites
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ganymede
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the planet with the lowest density and over on thousand rings is
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saturn
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The closest satellite to Jupiter with a number of erupting volcanoes is
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Io
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at times, the planet _ is actually the most distand planet from the sun
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neptune
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the third planet from the sun is _
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earth
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the solid portion of a comet is its
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nucleus
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a cloud of gas and dust around the solid portion of a comet is known as the
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coma
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_ are small fragments of matter moving in space
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meteoroids
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when small fragments of matter moving in space strike earth's atmosphere and burn up, they are called
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meteors
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the asteroid belt did not form a planet because
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it did not hahve enough mass
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most asteroids are located in the region between
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mars and jupiter
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venus rotates in a fashion opposite that of most planets, it is said to display _ motion
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retrograde
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the planet most adapted to support life in our solar system is _
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earth
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the planet with eccentric orbit is
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pluto
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scientist believe that the Sun is formed
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from a cloud of gas and dust
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