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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mitosis |
Cell Division of body cells or somatic cells |
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Meiosis |
Cell division of sex cells or gamete cells |
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Genes |
Are the chemicals in the nucleus of cells that determine the characteristics that are inherited. Genes made of DNA. |
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DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
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Environmental |
Exterenal factors such as food, pollution, sun e.t.c |
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Genetics |
Characteristics handed through generations |
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Characteristics |
are physical features displayed by organisms |
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Chromosomes |
are thread-like structures in which genes are situated |
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Karyotype |
is created by straining the chromosomes with dye and photographing them through a microscope |
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Mutations |
are changes in genes or chromosomes |
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Spontaneous mutations |
arise naturally as random error in DNA |
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Induced Mutations |
Deliberately or accidentally produced by chemicals or radiation |
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Mutagens Mutations |
are chemical to forms of radiation that causes mutations |
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Stages of Mitosis |
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase 5. Interphase |
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Prophase |
Is the first stage during mitosis, where the chromatin threads condense and are easily visible, the nuclear membrane disappears and a spindle forms |
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Metaphase |
Is the second stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell. |
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Anaphase |
The chromosomes move apart towards the poles of the cell |
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Telophase |
The nuclear membrane re-appears and two daughter cells form in mitosis |
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Interphase |
Is the 'resting' phase when cells are not dividing |
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Genotypes |
Is the alleles written in letter form |
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Phenotype |
Is the characteristics that appears as a result of the genotype |
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Homozygous |
The genotype for the characteristics that has the same alleles |
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Heterozygous |
The genotype for the characteristics that have different alleles |
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Sex determination |
In humans the sex of an individual is determined by a pair of chromosomes the X and the Y. Male= XY Female= XX |
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incomplete Dominance |
Occurs where both alleles are incompletely expressed in the phenotype |
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Co-dominance |
Occurs when both alleles in the genotype are equally dominant. Therefore, both are independently expressed |
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Pedigree |
A pedigree is drawn to examine a characteristic being studied |
