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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phenotype
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physical characteristic/ apperence
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genotype
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genetic makeup (alleles combination, letters
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homozagygous
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same TT, bb, DD
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heterozygous
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diffrent, Tt, Bb, Qq,
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explain the experiments and results of gregor mendel. what did he discover about heredity?
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Mendel experimented with thousands of pea plants to understand the process of heredity. He observed that the pea plants' traits were often similar to those of their parents.
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explain how genes and alleles are related to genotype and phenotypes.
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alleles are related because a genotype is a letter trait and a phenotype is a physical trait
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what does heterozygous and homozygous mean?
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heterozygous are different letters/alleles and homozygous are the same letters or alleles
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how is a punnett square is used to predict the probability of traits in offspring?
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a punnett square is used to predict the probability of combineing the traits (example is on written study guide). It shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
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what is codominance?
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a allele is not dominant or recessive, so both alleles are expressed in the offspring.
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describe the role of chromosmes in inheritance
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genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes.
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describe the difference between mitosis and meiosis
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mitosis: replace cells
Meiosis: only used in sex cells. During meiosis, the chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to two different cells. The resulting sex cells have only half as many chromosomes as the other cells in the organism. |
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explain the difference between male and female sex chromosomes. how does this determine the sex of a person
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both haft the same number of chromosomes
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what are mutations?
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any change in a gene or chromosomes
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how can mutations be both good or bad?
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a good mutation can help you live longer, and a bad mutation can cause death at a young age.Whether a mutation is harmful or helpful depends on the environment. If the mutation doesn't affect the life or health of the organism, then the mutation neither helps nor harms.
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how are mutations related to natural selection?
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helpful mutations improve an organisms chance for survival and reproduction, which means there can be more of the organism living.
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