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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define light |
Light is a form of energy, it has no mass. We can see it |
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What is radiation energy? |
Energy that is transferred or emitted as waves or rays in all directions |
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What is an artificial light source? Give an example |
A human made source of light. An example would be a lamp |
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What does incandescent mean? Give an example of something that is incandescent |
An object that can be heated to such a high temperature that it emits visible light |
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What does incandescent mean? Give an example of something that is incandescent |
An object that can be heated to such a high temperature that it emits visible light -incandescent light bulb |
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What is bioluminescent? Give an example of something that is bioluminescent |
An organism that relies on chemical reactions inside its body to produce light -firefly |
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What is phosphorescent? Give an example |
A substance that gives off visible light released after the light energy has been absorbed by certain particles that have stored this energy for a while. The light continues for something one even after the object is no longer exposed to light. -glow in the dark toys |
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What is the difference between reflection and refraction? |
Refraction is the bending of light, reflection is the bouncing of light |
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What is a plane mirror? |
A mirror having a flat surface |
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What happens in a concave mirror? |
When the light enters through the mirror, the concave makes the refracting light rays to spread out |
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What happens in a convex mirror? |
The convex makes the light come closer together |
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What is the law of reflection? |
The angle of reflection will be even with the angle of incidence |
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What is the angle of refraction? |
The angle between the normal and refracted ray |
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Why does light bend? |
When light travels from air into water, it slows down, causing it to change direction slightly. This change in direction is called refraction |
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What is near sightedness? |
When light enters the eye but does not go all the way to the retina. (The light ends too near to the lens) |
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What is far sightedness? |
When the light enters the eye through the lens but goes further than the retina. (Too far) |
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Which lens for which sightedness? |
Convex —> near sighted Concave —> far sighted |
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What is fluorescent? Give an example |
A source that produces light using gas particles stored inside + electricity -fluorescent light bulb |
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What causes a blind spot? |
When light lands on our eyes retina, it sends signals to our brains of what we are seeing through the optic nerve. But the area where the optic nerve connects to our retina has no light sensitive cells, so we can’t detect anything there. That is our blind spot |
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Which parts of the eye align with parts of a camera? Lens - 1 Film - 2 Shutter - 3 Diaphragm - 4 Aperture - 5 |
1 - lens 2 - retina 3 - eye lid 4 - iris 5 - pupil |
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Describe the solar spectrum |
The spectrum of wavelengths, frequencies and different kinds of ultraviolet - infrared parts on the spectrum |
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What are the 3 additive primary colors? |
Blue, red, green |
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What are the 3 secondary colors? |
Cyan, magenta, yellow |
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Which cells in your eyes detect color? |
Cones |
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Which cells in your eyes detect shape? |
Rods |
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Name the parts of a wavelength |
Middle, trough, crest, amplitude, frequency, wave length |
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What are the basic principles of light? |
-light quantity, energy consumption, and light quality |
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Define transparent |
Allowing light to pass through |
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Define translucent |
Allowing some light to pass through. -the light is scattered from its straight path |
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Define opaque |
Not allowing any light to pass through |
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What is the angle of incidence? |
The angle between the incident ray and the normal |
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Define angle of reflection |
The angle between the normal and reflected ray |
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Define reflection |
When light bounces off a surface |
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Define refraction |
The bending of light as it passes through a more dense substance |
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What is phosphorescent? Give an example |
A substance that gives off visible light released after the light energy has been absorbed by certain particles that have stored this energy for a while. The light continues for something one even after the object is no longer exposed to light. -glow in the dark toys |
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What is the difference between reflection and refraction? |
Refraction is the bending of light, reflection is the bouncing of light |
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What is a plane mirror? |
A mirror having a flat surface |
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What happens in a concave mirror? |
When the light enters through the mirror, the concave makes the refracting light rays to spread out |
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What happens in a convex mirror? |
The convex makes the light come closer together |
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What is the law of reflection? |
The angle of reflection will be even with the angle of incidence |
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What is the angle of refraction? |
The angle between the normal and refracted ray |
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Why does light bend? |
When light travels from air into water, it slows down, causing it to change direction slightly. This change in direction is called refraction |
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What is near sightedness? |
When light enters the eye but does not go all the way to the retina. (The light ends too near to the lens) |
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What is far sightedness? |
When the light enters the eye through the lens but goes further than the retina. (Too far) |
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Which lens for which sightedness? |
Convex —> near sighted Concave —> far sighted |
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What is fluorescent? Give an example |
A source that produces light using gas particles stored inside + electricity -fluorescent light bulb |
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What causes a blind spot? |
When light lands on our eyes retina, it sends signals to our brains of what we are seeing through the optic nerve. But the area where the optic nerve connects to our retina has no light sensitive cells, so we can’t detect anything there. That is our blind spot |
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Which parts of the eye align with parts of a camera? Lens - 1 Film - 2 Shutter - 3 Diaphragm - 4 Aperture - 5 |
1 - lens 2 - retina 3 - eye lid 4 - iris 5 - pupil |
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Describe the solar spectrum |
The spectrum of wavelengths, frequencies and different kinds of ultraviolet - infrared parts on the spectrum |
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What are the 3 additive primary colors? |
Blue, red, green |
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What are the 3 secondary colors? |
Cyan, magenta, yellow |
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Which cells in your eyes detect color? |
Cones |
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Which cells in your eyes detect shape? |
Rods |
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Which lens for which sightedness? |
Concave —> near sighted Convex —> far sighted |
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What are the basic principles of light? |
-light quantity, energy consumption, and light quality |
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Define transparent |
Allowing light to pass through |
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Define translucent |
Allowing some light to pass through. -the light is scattered from its straight path |
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Define opaque |
Not allowing any light to pass through |
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What is the angle of incidence? |
The angle between the incident ray and the normal |
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Define angle of reflection |
The angle between the normal and reflected ray |
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Define reflection |
When light bounces off a surface |
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Define refraction |
The bending of light as it passes through a more dense substance |
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Define X ray |
Electromagnetic radiation having a very short wavelength, can penetrate substances like skin and muscle |
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Define UV rays/radiation |
Wavelengths of 200nm (nm=nanometer) beyond violet light of the electromagnetic spectrum, causes tanning |
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Define lever |
A machine consisting of a bar that is free to rotate around a fixed point, changing the amount of force that must be exerted to move an object |
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Define wheel and axel |
A machine consisting of two turning objects attached to each other at their centres. One object causes the other to turn |
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Define gear |
A rotating wheel like device with teeth around its rim |
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Describe a gear train |
A group of two or more gears that are meshed together a |
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Define driving gear |
A main gear that causes other gears to move |
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Define follower (gears) |
The gears that follow the driver gear |
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Define sprocket |
A gear with teeth that fit into the links of a chain (Like a bike thing that leads the chain) |
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Define pulley |
A wheel with a grooved rim to guide a rope or chain that runs along the groove, used to transmit or change direction of force |
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What’s the difference between a fixed pulley and a moveable pulley? |
A fixed pulley is where a pulley is attached to a fixed point and the rope is attached to the object, a movable pulley is where the pulley is attached to the object while one end of the rope is attached to a fixed point but the other end of the rope is free |
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Define fulcrum |
The point of a lever that does not move |
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Define load |
The weight of an object that is moved or lifted by a machine or the resistance to movement that a machine must overcome |
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Define effort force |
The force supplied to any machine to produce an define action |
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Define effort arm |
In a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and the effort force |
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Define a mechanical advantage |
The ratio of the force produced by a machine or system (load) to the force applied to the machine or system (effort force) |
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Define ergonomics |
The science of designing home or work environments that best suit the human body in its various dimensions |
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What does a class 1 lever look like? Give an example |
Effort: one side Load: other side Fulcrum: middle -seesaw |
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What does a class 2 lever look like? Give one example |
Effort:one side Load: middle Fulcrum: other side -wheelbarrow |
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Describe what a class 3 lever looks like. Give one example |
Effort: middle Load:one side Fulcrum: other side -broom |
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What is the difference between force and pressure? |
Pressure is force over a certain area, while force itself is a force of push or pull |
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What is the difference between a salt water body and a fresh water body? |
Salt water has a certain amount of salts, freshwater has less salts. -ex. Of salt water body: oceans -ex. Of fresh water body: lake |
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What is a glacier? |
A large moving mass of compressed ice or snow |
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What is a bergschrund? |
A bergschrund is a series of crevasses near the top of a mountain. |
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What is a bergschrund? |
A bergschrund is a series of crevasses near the top of a mountain. |
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What is an ice cap? |
A large domed shaped glacier that flows outwards from its centre and covers a large area, especially land |
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What is a bergschrund? |
A bergschrund is a series of crevasses near the top of a mountain. |
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What is an ice cap? |
A large domed shaped glacier that flows outwards from its centre and covers a large area, especially land |
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What is icefall? |
A frozen waterfall made when a glacier flows over a steep cliff |
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What is a bergschrund? |
A bergschrund is a series of crevasses near the top of a mountain. |
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What is an ice cap? |
A large domed shaped glacier that flows outwards from its centre and covers a large area, especially land |
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What is icefall? |
A frozen waterfall made when a glacier flows over a steep cliff |
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What is a glacier toe? |
A glacier toe is the lowest end of a glacier |
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What is glacial erosion? |
Includes the loosening of rock, sediment or soil by glacial processes and the transportation of this material by ice or meltwater |
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What is glacial erosion? |
Includes the loosening of rock, sediment or soil by glacial processes and the transportation of this material by ice or meltwater |
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Define meltwater |
The run off from melting snow |
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What is glacial erosion? |
Includes the loosening of rock, sediment or soil by glacial processes and the transportation of this material by ice or meltwater |
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Define meltwater |
The run off from melting snow |
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What is a crevasse? |
A deep fissure, or crack in ice |
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Define watershed |
An area of land that drains into a body of water |
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Describe algae bloom |
Algal bloom occurs when there is a rapid increase of algae population in freshwater or marine water systems |
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What’s algae? |
A type of aquatic microscopic organisms |
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Give an example of a toxic substancd |
Chlorine |
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What causes acid rain? |
Pollution in the water system/cycle |
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What causes acid rain? |
Pollution in the water system/cycle |
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Define bioindicator and give and example. |
Sensitive or important species who’s numbers can show the health of an ecosystem. -frog |
