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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major differences between the Surface layer in the Abyssal layer of the ocean? |
The surface layer has abundant organic decomposition and only makes up 2% of the ocean. The Abyssal layer has no decomposition and makes up 80% of the ocean |
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Name two of the five latitudinal bands of the ocean. Briefly describe what happens in these two bands |
The equatorial band has no seasonal variation in there is more evaporation and precipitation. The polar band has no seasonal variation and is covered in ice all year |
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Define |
Transparency is allow light to pass through and being clear |
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What happened to the transparency of seawater As you move through each meter of the ocean? |
As you move through each meter the ocean 10% of the light is absorbed and 90% passes through |
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What happens to light that does not pass through each meter? |
The light that doesn't pass is absorbed by the water itself, Plankton, and undissolved particles |
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Name two agents that produce evaporation |
Wind and latent heat |
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Explain how the water budget of the earth is steadfast give specific measurements |
The water budget of the earth is steadfast because it keeps the flow going, and replenishes water when it needs to be replenished. 99 centimeters of water is evaporated from the ocean, 88 centimeters of rain falls back on the ocean, and 9 centimeters of rain falls on land and makes its way back to the ocean |
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Explain how evaporation and precipitation work together to keep the salinity content of the overall ocean steadfast |
When water evaporates it sheds sold causing the surface of the ocean to be saltier. Precipitation brings on salty water, regulating salinity content |
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Explain how the freezing and melting of ice work together to keep the salinity content of the overall ocean steadfast |
The salt of the water comma the lower the freezing point. Melting requires heat, which means that melted ice is less salty, regulating salinity content |
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What does evaporation do to the surface of the water temperature |
Evaporation cools water surface |
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Explain what causes vertical circulation |
Temperature and salinity |
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Why is vertical circulation necessary? |
vertical circulation circulates oxygen in the ocean and it brings minerals and nutrients to the |
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Choose two of the four oceans. Using a T chart explain the two major characteristics of these oceans |
Arctic : shallow, a thousand feet. 80% ice covered in summer 90% in winter. Freezing in first 10 feet ................... ................... ................... ........ Pacific: low oxygen. Largest ocean. Covers one-third of the Earth's surface. Many islands especially in Southwest part |
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Explain how first Samuel 16: 7 relates to the principle of steadfastness to the ocean |
This verse says to look on the heart not appearance. The ocean seems like it's not that fast, but its properties are unwavering. It's slow, Heat, and stages are all constant. Jesus is also steadfast. He is faithful and helping and forgiving us |
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How did geologists believe earthquakes occur? What theory describes the overall causes for earthquakes? |
Immense stress builds up in Rocks Under the crust, and eventually the blocks crack and slip along fault lines in a process called elastic rebound. The theory which describes the overall cause for earthquakes is called the plate tectonics theory |
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2 reasons why a weaker earthquake in one area might do more damage than the stronger earthquake in another area |
quake in urban area can cause more damage than stronger earthquake in rural area especially if Urban buildings are poorly built. Weak earthquake at Sea can cause tsunami whereas stronger quake in land cannot cause tsunami. Weak earthquake lasting several minutes can cause more damage than strong earthquake lasting seconds |
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Explain how P & S waves are used to determine how far an earthquake occurred |
The intervals between P and S waves arriving at seismic stations May indicate the distance from the focus |
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Why are at least three seismic stations needed to determine the focus of an earthquake? |
One seismic station can only tell the distance from the focus to seismic stations can tell the distance as well as to possible Focus locations three stations can find the distance as well as not only the epicenter but the focus |
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What is the difference between active and dormant volcano? What is often the only way that volcanologists could tell the difference? Is this method completely reliable? |
Active volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted in historical times or so strong seismic activity. Dormant volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted in historical times, but seismic activity sometimes shows an eruption is possible. Volcanologist usually can only tell the difference they're looking at whether it has erupted in historical times or not, however, this is sometimes inaccurate |
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How are volcanoes formed? |
Volcanoes are supplied from magma chambers that form within the crust , not from vent pipes |
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Pyroclastic flows and lahars |
Cause more deaths than flowing lava from volcano eruptions |
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What scale rate the destructiveness of an earthquake? What scale rate the destructiveness of a volcano? |
MMI; VEI |
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Location of volcanoes |
Thousands of extinct volcanoes are found scattered over the middle of oceanic plates as seamounts and especially along the mid-ocean ridge systems. They are not found only along the edges of plates where they collide with other plates |
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Why do people keep living near volcanoes even knowing of the danger they pose? |
Volcanic soil is very fertile for farming |
