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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When an entergy source is applied to the atoms of a material it can
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affect the motion of the electrons
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How can electrons be "knocked off" atoms and pushed from atom to atom?
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through a conductor which makes an electric current.
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Under normal conditions, atoms are electronically neutral because
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there are the same number of protons and electrons. These charges balance each other.
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Atoms become electronically charged when
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they lose or gain electrons
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Atoms that have more protons than electrons are _______ charged atom.
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positively
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Atoms that have more electrons than protons are __________ charged atom
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negatively
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A form of entergy that comes from electic charges found on matter is known as
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electricity
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______ is an electric charge found on the surface on the surface of an object.
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Static electricity
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Static means
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not moving
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Atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons are _____________
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Neutral
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The difference between an electromagnet and a regular bar magnet is that the bar magnet is
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always a magnet and the electomagnet can always be turned on and off.
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An electric discharge is
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a quick movement of electric electrons from a negatiely charged object to a positive or neutral object.
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5 kingdoms of living things
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animals, plants, fungi, protists, monerans
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Protists are
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1 celled animals that contain a nucleus, usually live in moist places
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Protists can be in 2 forms
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1. animallike- moves about and eats other organisms Ex. ameba 2. Plantlike- makes its own food, contains chlorophyll, has a cell wall Ex. diatom
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Fungi is
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* plantlike living thing that does not have chlorophyll so must get food from the place where it lives
*can be many celled or 1 celled Examples: mold mushrooms, yeast, mildew |
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Monerans are
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1 celled organisms that do not have a nucleus.
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Another name for monerans is
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bacteria
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Two kinds of monerans
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1. blue-green: contains chlorophyll and makes own food
2. kind that does not contain cholrophyll. There are more of this kind and they are found everywhere- water, soil, air |
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Monerans can be helpful by
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helping digest food
break down dead organisms make products like yogurt |
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Harmful monerans can
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cause illness
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Bacteria
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another name for monerans
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Cell Membrane
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surrounds and protects a cell
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Cell Wall
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a stiff structure outside the cell membrane in SOME cells
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Cytoplasm
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jellylike material that surrounds the nucleus in a cell
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Nucleus
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the control center ar "BRAIN" of a cell
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Physical Change
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a change in the size,shape or state of matter
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Physical changes do not
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change the matter to a new substance only chemical substances do that.
Examples: pulling a rubber band, writing on paper with colored chalk, ice cubes melting |
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Heat affects physical changes. When matter gets hotter
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the particles of matter move FASTER AND FARTHER APART.
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When matter cools, the particles of matter
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move slower and pull closer together.
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When most materials are heated, they ________
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expand (move apart)
Example: A sidewalk, bridge, or highway expands in hot weather. They will crack if they don't have space between the sections. |
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When most materials are cooled, they ___________
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contract (come together).
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There are 2 "rule breakers"
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1. Water
2. Rubber Both expand when cooled to a certain temperature. Example: a can of coke freezing and exploding in the freezer |
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When matter changes _________, an entirely new substance is formed.
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chemically
Examples: 1. Adding vinegar to baking soda.The new substance is neither vinegar nor baking soda 2. Wood burning-the ashes left have no properties of the original wood; metal rushing |
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Mixture
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Matter that has 2 or more substances combined.
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Mixtures can be separated by ________ means.
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Physical
Examples: iron ore- a mixture of iron and rock. Iron can be separated by grinding to a powder and passing large magnets over the powder to pick up the iron. |
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Air
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a mixture of gases.
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Gases can be separated by
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cooling them and turning them into liquid
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When liquid air is warmed again each gas will
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boil and change back to gas at a different temperature. As that gas boils, that gas is collected.
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Solution
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a mixture in which the different particles of matter are spread evenly throughout.
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Solution particles are so evenly divided that you
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can't see them
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Liquid solutions are
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transparent
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Solutions are made of:
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1. a solvent (the larger part)
2. a solute (smaller part) Example: sugar dissolved in water. Sugar is the solute and water is the solvent. |
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Invertebrates
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animals without a backbone
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Kinds of Invertebrates
KNOW 1 EXAMPLE OF EACH |
1. Mollusks- have a soft body
Examples: a. with no shell-octopus b. with trap-door- snail c. with hinged shell-clam |
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Kind of Invertebrates
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Echinoderms- spiny-skinned, live in the ocean
EXAMPLE: starfish |
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Kind of Invertebrates
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Worms- flat, round, segmented
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Kind of Invertebrates
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Sponges- do not move around
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Kind of Invertebrates
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Stinging cell- have poisonous treads
EXAMPLE: Jellyfish |
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Kind of Invertebrates
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arthropods- have
1. jointed legs 2. segmented body 3. exoskeleton |
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Kinds of arthropods
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1. crustaceans
2. arachnids 3. insects 4. many sectioned |
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Crustaceans
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2 body sections
2 sets of antennae EXAMPLE: Lobster |
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Arachnids-
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2 body sections
No Antennae EXAMPLE: Spider |
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Insects
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3 body sections(head, thorax, abdomen)
6 legs, largest group of animals |
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Many-sectioned
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Centipedes and Millipedes
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Parasite
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a living thing that lives in or in another living thing.
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The parasite harms
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the living thing on which it lives
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Host
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the living thing on which a parasite lives
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The parasite depends on the ________ for food
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Host
EXAMPLE: Tapeworm-lives inside the intestines ot the host and lives on the digested food of the host. |
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How does a sponge get food?
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Sponge animals that are attached to hard surfaces can not move around and hunt for food.
They get their food by filtering the sea water that enters their pores. The water carries tiny bits of food with it. Cells in the sponge trap the food and let the seawater out. |
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7 things all plants need in order to grow properly
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1. light 2. water 3. oxygen 4. carbon dioxide 5. minerals 6. proper temperature 7. space
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The ________ of things that plants need will vary.
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amounts
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Plants grow in length from their _____.
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tips
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_____ near the top or tip end of trunks, branches, roots all expand and grow in length.
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Cells
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___________ stems grow in thickness because a layer of springwood and a layer of summerwood produced in the _________(tissue made of tubes that carry water and minerals through a plant) form an annual ring and make 1 year's growth.
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Woody
Xylem |
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A response that helps a living thing survive.
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Adaptation
EXAMPLES:1. long thick roots of a dandelion 2. thick outer covering of a cactusto store water and prevent evaporation 3. poisons produced by some plants to prevent animals from eating it. |