Science Education Grades 4 And 5

Front 1

order of universes, super clusters, group, galaxies, clouds

Back 1

observable, observed, local

horologium, virgo

IC 1101, cD Galaxy NGC 4889, Andromeda, Milky Way, Triangulum

Large Magellanic cloud, Small Magellanic cloud

Front 2

Nebulas, Centauri, Pillars

Back 2

Tarantula nebula, Omega Centauri, Rosette Nebula, Orion Nebula, Crab Nebula, Pillars of Creation, cats eye nebula, stingray nebula,homunuculus nebula

Front 3

Solar System-TrES-4

Back 3

Solar system, VY Canis Majoris, VV Cephei, Mu Cephei, Betegeuse, Antares, Rigel, Aldeboron, Arcturus, Pollux, Sirius, Sun, Wold, TrES-4

Front 4

Planets- Europa

Back 4

Jupiter, saturn, Uranus, neptune, earth, venus, mars, mercury, pluto, ganymede, callisto, lo, Earth's moon, Europa

Front 5

Australia-Mt Rushmore

Back 5

Australia, Greenland, Madagascar, Texas, Illinois, Israel, Rhode Island, LA, Washington DC, Monaco, Mt Everest, Mt Mckinley, Mt Rainier, Mt Fuji, Mt Rushmore

Front 6

Monuments

Back 6

Burj Khaifa, Willis Tower, Empire State, Eiffel Tower, Gateway Arch, Washington Monument, Wrigley, statue of liberty

Front 7

Animals and other small items

Back 7

Blue whale, Apatosaurus, Trex, Reticulated Python, Giraffe, African Elephant, Kodiak Bear, Adam and Eve, Great Horned Owl, Bull Frog, Butterfly, Grasshopper, coffee bean, grain of rice, sesame seed, grain of salt

Front 8

Microscopic

Back 8

Amoeba Proteus, Paramecium, human egg, skin cell, photoreceptors, sperm, red blood cell, x chromosome, yeast, e coli, lysine, mitochondrion, measles virus, phage, HIV, influenza, coated vesicle, hepatitis, rhinovirus,ribosomes, antibody, hemoglobin, trna, phospholipid, adenine, methionine, glucose, carbon atom, hydrogen atom

Front 9

Taxonomy

Back 9

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Phylum, Genus, Species

Front 10

Prokaryotic

Back 10

Unicellular

Front 11

Eukaryotic

Back 11

Multicellular

Front 12

Detrivores

Back 12

Eat from leftovers. Only a small amount leaves the food web and it becomes less and less as the food web goes on

Front 13

Similarities between animal and plant reproduction and mammals, amphibians, and butterflies

Back 13

They gain offspring, come from male and female parts, ovaries and ovum,

gaining an offspring, eventually resembles a parent, reproduces asexually

Front 14

Differences between animal and plant reproduction and mammals, amphibians, and butterflies

Back 14

Plants are hermaphrodites, plants make seeds, mammals give birth

amphibians and butterflies have a more complex reproduction cycles. does not always represent plant right away.

Front 15

physical change

Back 15

sugar in lemonade, nothing happens to the molecules, they just are together,

rearranges molecules but doesn't affect their internal structures. Some examples of physical change are

Front 16

Chemical Change

Back 16

rusting of nails. Mass should not change because it is a closed system

is any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances. At the molecular level, chemical change involves making or breaking of bonds between atoms. These changes are chemical

Front 17

ecological relationships

Back 17

parasitism one benefits the other is harmed

mutualism both benefit

commensalism one benefits and one is unaffected

Front 18

Forces

Back 18

Weight force W

Normal force N

Magnetic Force Fmag

Friction f

Tension f

Front 19

speeding up vs constant speed in force diagrams

Back 19

speeding up= more hashes in direction

constant= same amount of hashes

Front 20

contact forces vs non contact forces

Back 20

weight non

friction and normal

Front 21

no person touching slowing down vs no person touching constant speed

Back 21

1. f on crate by floor, n on crate by floor, w on crate by floor.

2. n on crate by floor, w on crate by floor.

Front 22

catapult

1. after it leaves catapult

2. reaches the top

3. falling

Back 22

1. f on crate by air down and w on crate by earth down

2.w on crate by earth

3. f on crate by air up, w on crate by earth down

Front 23

complete circuit

Back 23

positive and negative charge where it is connected. electrons flow freely. they are just there, not created

Front 24

closed vs open

Back 24

closed=conductor takes and gives electrons away

open=insulator takes electrons but does not give them away

Front 25

nonmetallic conductor

Back 25

carbon

Front 26

increase frequency

Back 26

higher pitch- shorter wave length speed does not change

Front 27

decrease frequency

Back 27

lower pitch- longer wave length speed does not change

Front 28

increase amplitude

Back 28

louder, same wavelength, compressions are darker, frequency the same, speed same

Front 29

decrease amplitude

Back 29

quieter, same wavelength, dull compressions, freq same, same speed

Front 30

Diagrams:

1. low freq low amp

2. high freq, low amp

3. low freq, high amp

4. high freq, high amp

Back 30

1. short and dull

2. long and dull

3. short and dark

4. long and dark

Front 31

What changes when freq is increased of decreased?

What does not change when freq is increased or decreased?

What changes wen amplitude is increased of decreased?

What does not change when amplitude is increased or decreased?

Back 31

1. pitch

2. volume and speed

3. volume

4. pitch and speed

Front 32

Air pressure removed

Back 32

Quieter to no sound

Wavelength same

freq same

speed same

until the sound disappears

Front 33

Characteristics of living things

Back 33

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

Plants do all of these

Front 34

bacteria

Back 34

single-celled microorganisms that don’t have a nuclear membrane.

Front 35

Protozoans

Back 35

are single-celled organisms that are generally much larger than bacteria. They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic

Front 36

Chromists

Back 36

Chromists are a diverse group of plant-like organisms and range from very small to very large. They are found in almost all environments.

Front 37

Fungi

Back 37

multicellular and rely on breaking down organic material as they are not able to make their own food.

Front 38

Animal Cells

Back 38

Nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Front 39

Plant cells

Back 39

Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, cell membrane

Front 40

cytoplasm

Back 40

jelly like substance wkeeps cell alive

Front 41

mitochondria

Back 41

respiration takes place and glucose and ox are changed into energy

Front 42

vacuole

Back 42

solution of sugar and salt cell sap. gives cell support

Front 43

cells, tissues and organs

Back 43

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cells

Front 44

Amphibians

Back 44

Amphibians, like frogs and newts, have a slightly more complicated life cycle. They undergo a metamorphosis (a big change):they are born (either alive from their mother or hatched from eggs) they spend their childhood under water, breathing with gills they grow into adults and move to the land, breathing with lungs

Front 45

Animals that Undergo a Complete Metamorphosis: Insects

Back 45

InsectsThese insects have four stages in their life cycle:egg: unborn stage. larva: young stage -- this is when most of the feeding is done. (they usually look like worms) pupa: inactive (no feeding) stage between larva and adult stages. (usually well camouflaged) adult: final, breeding stage. (they usually grow wings)Animals that go through a complete metamorphosis are what my daughter Kaitlyn calls "Wow!" animals -- they go to bed looking one way and wake up a completely different creature. Wow!

Front 46

Animals that Undergo an Incomplete Metamorphosis:

Back 46

About 10% of insects go through an incomplete metamorphosis. They do not have a pupal form -- these include dragonflies, grasshoppers and cockroaches.These insects have three stages in their life cycle:egg: unborn stage. nymph: young stage -- this is when most of the feeding is done. adult: final, breeding stage - including wings.

Front 47

evolution

Back 47

descent with modification from a common ancestor,Evolution only occurs when there is a change in gene frequency within a population over time.

Front 48

Mutation

Back 48

A mutation could cause parents with genes for bright green coloration to have offspring with a gene for brown coloration.

Front 49

Migration

Back 49

Some individuals from a population of brown beetles might have joined a population of green beetles. That would make genes for brown coloration more frequent in the green beetle population than they were before the brown beetles migrated into it.

Front 50

Genetic drift

Back 50

Imagine that in one generation, two brown beetles happened to have four offspring survive to reproduce. Several green beetles were killed when someone stepped on them and had no offspring. The next generation would have a few more brown beetles than the previous generation — but just by chance. These chance changes from generation to generation are known as genetic drift.

Front 51

NATURAL selection

Back 51

Imagine that green beetles are easier for birds to spot (and hence, eat). Brown beetles are a little more likely to survive to produce offspring. They pass their genes for brown coloration on to their offspring. So in the next generation, brown beetles are more common than in the previous generation.

Front 52

Genetic variation

Back 52

Mutations are changes in the DNA. A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations.Gene flow is any movement of genes from one population to another and is an important source of genetic variation.Sex can introduce new gene combinations into a population. This genetic shuffling is another important source of genetic variation.

Front 53

ecosystem

Back 53

community of living and non-living things that work together.

Front 54

Producers and consumer

Back 54

Produces: plants

consumer: herbavores, carnivores, omnivores

decomposers

Front 55

As trophic levels go up

Back 55

energy decreases

Front 56

fossils wide spread and plentiful

Back 56

fossils of animals with shells and microscopic remains of plants and animals

Front 57

fossil Succession

Back 57

Darwin's Theory

Front 58

Over a long period of time energy in and out will be

Back 58

equal

Front 59

Oxygen atoms come in

Back 59

pairs

Front 60

properties of matter

Back 60

sizes of molecules

Front 61

Electrostatic force___ Grav force

Back 61

>

Front 62

Simple machines just change

Back 62

Force

Front 63

echo:

Back 63

bounces off of a surface

Front 64

human ear more sensitive to sounds:

Back 64

20 Hz to 20000 Hz

Front 65

natural mag.

Back 65

lodestone

Front 66

compass needle is a _________ mag

Back 66

permanent

Front 67

Current

Back 67

flow of electric charge

Front 68

resistance

Back 68

the opposition to the passage of an electric current through that conductors

Front 69

Visible light

Back 69

small portion of the spectrum

Front 70

UVA and UVB

Back 70

UVA is more deep and more damaging than UVB

Front 71

Light

Back 71

radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X and Gamma

Front 72

Solar System

Back 72

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Front 73

comets tail points

Back 73

away from the sun

Front 74

comets are most visible to light

Back 74

closest to the sun

Front 75

Result of the Devil's Tower

Back 75

gray columns

Front 76

tropical

Back 76

unstable minerals

Front 77

stronger waves

Back 77

rocky beaches

Front 78

delta

Back 78

A river delta is a landform that forms at the mouth of a river, where the river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or reservoir. Deltas form from deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth.

Front 79

alluvial fan

Back 79

An alluvial fan is a fan- or cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams. If a fan is built up by debris flows it is properly called a debris cone or colluvial fan.

Front 80

hydropower is the _______ renewable

Back 80

most

Front 81

coal produces the _______ amount of CO2

Back 81

greatest

Front 82

renewable resources

Back 82

can be replaced as quickly as they are used. solar, water, wind, biomass, and geothermal power

Front 83

nonrenewable

Back 83

used faster than they can be replaced.coal, oil, natural gas, fossil fuels, releases pollutants

Front 84

Three concepts are important in the study and use of fossils

Back 84

(1) Fossils represent the remains of once-living organisms. (2) Most fossils are the remains of extinct organisms; that is, they belong to species that are no longer living anywhere on Earth. (3) The kinds of fossils found in rocks of different ages differ because life on Earth has changed through time.

Front 85

New plant grows from seed

Back 85

When a seed comes to rest in conditions suited to its germination, it breaks open and the embryo inside starts to grow.Roots grow down to anchor the plant in the ground. Roots also take up water and nutrients and store food.A shoot grows skyward and develops into a stem that carries water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. The stem also supports leaves so they can collect sunlight.Leaves capture sunlight to make food for the plant through the process of photosynthesis.

Front 86

Adult plant produces flowers

Back 86

When the plant matures and is ready to reproduce, it develops flowers. Flowers are special structures involved in sexual reproduction, which includes pollination and fertilisation.

Front 87

Pollination

Back 87

Pollination is the process by which pollen is carried (by wind or animals) from the male part of a flower (the anther) to the female part (the stigma) of another flower. The pollen then moves from the stigma to the female ovules.

Front 88

Fertilisation

Back 88

Pollen has male gametes containing half the normal chromosomes for that plant. After pollination, these gametes move to the ovule, where they combine with female gametes, which contain half the quota of chromosomes for its plant. This process is called fertilisation.

Front 89

Seeds and fruit

Back 89

After fertilisation, a combined cell grows into an embryo within a seed formed by the ovule. Seeds are what a plant uses to spread new plants into new places. Each seed contains a tiny plant called an embryo, which has root, stem and leaf parts ready to grow into a new plant when conditions are right.Another part of the flower (the ovary) grows to form fruit, which protects the seeds and helps them spread away from the parent plant to continue the cycle.

Front 90

Vegetative reproduction

Back 90

As well as sexual reproduction making seeds, new plants are sometimes made by asexual vegetative reproduction. These new plants have exactly the same genes as the parent. Some plants have stems called stolons that grow out sideways above the soil, and new plants grow up along them. Other plants send out underground stems called rhizomes, which form new plants at a distance from the parent. Tubers (for example, potatoes) and bulbs (for example, onions) are also special underground structures that can grow into new plants.

Front 91

Length of life cycle

Back 91

Flowering plants all go through the same stages of a life cycle, but the length of time they take varies a lot between species. Some plants go though their complete cycle in a few weeks – others take many years.Annuals are plants that grow from a seed, then flower and make new seeds, then die, all in less than a year. Some go through this cycle more than once in a year.Biennials are plants that take 2 years to go through their life cycle. They grow from a seed, then rest over winter. In spring, they produce flowers, set seeds and die. New plants grow from the seeds.Perennials are plants that live for 3 or more years. Some, such as trees, flower and set seeds every year for many years. Some others have stems and leaves that die away over winter but the plant continues to live underground. In the spring, new stems grow, which later bear flowers.

Front 92

simple machines

Back 92

inclined plane

lever

wheel and axel

wedge

screw

pulley

Front 93

force

Back 93

is anything that can cause a change to objects. Forces can: • change the shape of an object • accelerate or stop an object • change the direction of a moving object.

Front 94

contact

Back 94

the force that is used to push or pull things, like on a door to open or close it• the force that a sculptor uses to turn clay into a pot• the force of the wind to turn a windmill

Front 95

noncontact

Back 95

the force due to gravity, like the Earth pulling the Moon towards itself• the force due to electricity, like a proton and an electron attracting each other• the force due to magnetism, like a magnet pulling a paper clip towards itself

Front 96

Forces

Back 96

Gravitational

electromagnetic

electric/electrostatic

magnetic forces

friction

drag forces

Front 97

electromagnetic (EM) radiation

Back 97

visible light