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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ECOSYSTEM ELEMENTS
An ecosystem is a complex self-regulating system in which living things interact with non-living factors. The abiotic factors are the non-living parts of the ecosystem including the rocks, air, water, concrete, temperature, sunshine, or salt. The biotic factors are the living parts of the ecosystem including the plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. An individual organism is the smallest biotic parts of an ecosystem. A species is a group of organisms that can successfully reproduce fertile offspring. |
INDIVIDUAL TO BIOSPHERE
A population has the members of one species that live in the same ecosystem and can reproduce together. A community consists of all the populations of organisms that live in the same ecosystem. A biome is the large area of land or ocean that has similar producers, consumers, temperature, and rainfall. These can be aquatic or terrestrial. Individual Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere |
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ECOSYSTEMS
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and the non living factors of the environment. Sustainability means the populations of all plants and animals can continue to interact and reproduce indefinitely in the future. The environment includes all living and non-living factors and their interactions. |
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NUTRIENT CYCLES
All organisms need food to survive. The food contains nutrients and energy. Nutrients- substances that an organism uses to build and repair the cells of its body including: carbohydrates fats and oils proteins vitamins minerals |
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Photosynthesis: An organism that produces its own food is called a producer. Producers are also called autotrophs. They convert light energy into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. Equation: CO2 + H2O + light energy > sugar + oxygen Cellular respiration: Organisms that obtain their energy by consuming other organisms are called consumers. Equation: sugar + O2 > CO2 + H2O + energy |
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TROPHIC LEVELS, FOOD CHAINS & FOOD WEBS
A food chain shows the path of energy from one living thing to another. Decomposers are necessary for all food chains and webs. A food web shows many complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem. It is made of many food chains. A consumer eats other organisms. A producer makes their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers must get their energy by eating producers or other consumers. |
The levels are shown as producer to highest consumer
Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Quaternary Consumer |
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FOOD AND OTHER PYRAMIDS j=joules
Tertiary: Snake: 10j Secondary: Spider: 100j Primary: Grasshopper: 1,000j Producer: Plants: 10,000j (sun) 100,000 Hunting for food costs energy. The less seeking you have to do for food costs less energy. 10% Rule: 10% of trophic level energy is passed on the higher up you go. Where does the 90% go? 1) waste, 2) energy loss during food seeking. Most of us don't go "hunting" at the grocery store. |
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POPULATION GROWTH
The population is affected by 4 variables: 1) births + 2) deaths - 3) immigration + 4) emigration - B-D+I-E |
RELATIONSHIPS
mutualism- benefits both commensalism- benefits one, doesn't affect other parasitism- benefits one, hurts other |
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HUMAN USE OF ECOSYSTEMS
Genetic diversity: differences among individuals of the same species. A lack of this can lead to extinction. Human activity has caused biodiversity to decrease 1) Habitat change: altering habitats to our benefit 2) Over-exploitation: using resources faster than it can be reproduced 3) Pollution: added substance providing harm 4) Invasive species: non-native species providing harm |
BIODIVERSITY & ENDANGERED SPECIES
Species at risk: The greatest threat to biodiversity is extinction. COSEWIC separates the populations into five categories. 1) Special concern: May become threatened or endangered because of various factors 2) Threatened: Likely to become endangered if no action is taken 3) Endangered: In immediate danger of becoming extirpated or extinct 4) Extirpated: No longer exists in a certain area 5) Extinct: No longer exists on earth |
