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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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erosion
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process in which surface materials are worn away and transported from one place to another by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and glaciers
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deposition
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dropping of sediments that occurs when an agent of erosion loses its energy and can no longer carry its load
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mass movement
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any type of erosion that occurs as gravity moves materials down-slope
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creep
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a type of mass movement in which sediments move down-slope very slowly; it can cause walls, trees, and fences to lean downhill
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slump
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a type of mass movement that occurs when a mass of material moves down a curved slope
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glaciers
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large, moving masses of ice and snow that change large areas of Earth's surface though erosion and deposition
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plucking
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process that adds gravel, sand, and boulders to a glacier's bottom and sides as water freezes and thaws, breaking off pieces of surrounding rock
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till
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mixture of different-sized sediments that is dropped from the base of a retreating glacier and can cover huge areas of land
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moraine
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large ridge of rocks and soil deposited by a glacier when it stops moving forward
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outwash
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material deposited by melt-water from a glacier
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eskers
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a type of outwash formed when sediments deposited in ice tunnels or by streams on top of the ice are left behind on Earth's surface
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horn
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sharpened peaks formed by glacial action in three or more cirques
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aretes
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from where two adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a log, sharp ridge
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cirque
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bowl-shaped basins that a forms by erosion at the start of a valley glacier.
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deflation
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a type of erosion that occurs when wind blows over loose sediments, removes small particles, and leaves coarser sediments behind
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abrasion
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a type of erosion that occurs when windblown sediments strike rocks and sediments, polishing and pitting their surface
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loess
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windblown deposit of tightly packed, fine-grained sediments
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dune
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mound formed when wind-blown sediments pile up behind an obstacle; common land form in desert areas
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differences between erosion and deposition
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erosion is the process that wears away surface materials and moves them from place to place while deposition is when the agents of erosion drop their loads
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COMPARE: slumps, creeps, rockfalls, rock slides, and mudflows
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they all depend on gravity to make them happen and they all are most likely to occur on steep slopes. They are all mass movements
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CONTRAST: slumps, creeps, rockfalls, rock slides, and mudflows
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slumps: material slips down along a curved surface. creep: sediments slowly shift their position downhill. rock falls: chunks of rock fall off a slope. rock slides: layers of rock slip down suddenly. mudflow: thick mixture of sediments and water flowing down a slope
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how glaciers move
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Snow accumulates year round.
Increasing weight of snow on top compresses lower layers of ice. The pressure is so great becomes plastic-like. It starts to flow and moves away from source. It moves under its own weight. |
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COMPARE till and outwash
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they are both glacier deposits and they are both a mixture of different-sized sediments.
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how wind causes deflation and abrasion
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Wind causes deflation when it blows across loose sediment, removing small particles. Wind causes abrasion when it blows sediments into rock, which scrapes and wares away rock.
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CONTRAST till and outwash
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tills of glaciers are formed when the glacier retreats while outwash is deposited by glacial melt water
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