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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diffusion
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the movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low
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osmosis
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the diffusion of water across a cell membrane
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passive transport
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the diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane from areas where the concentration of particles if high to an area where the concentration of particles is low
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active transport
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the movement of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion; requires cells to use energy
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endocytosis
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the process in which a cell membrane surronds a particle and encloses it into a vesicle to bring it into the cell
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exocytosis
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the process used to remove large particles from the cell; the vesicle containing the particles focus with the cell membrane
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photosynthesis
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the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar
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cellular respiration
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the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; released carbon dioxide and water
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fermentation
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the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absense of oxygen
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cell cycle
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the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotics it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis, and cytokinesis
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chromosome
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a coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the nucleus during cell division
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binary fission
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the simple cell division in which one cell splits in two; used by bacteria
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homologous chromosomes
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chromosomes with matching information
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chromatids
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indentical chromosome copies
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centromere
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the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is dulplicated
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mitosis
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nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes
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cytokinesis
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the process by which cytoplasm divides after mitosis
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