Science Chapter 3 Study Guide

Front 1

crust

Back 1

thin, cool, rocky outer skin of the geosphere

Front 2

mantle

Back 2

very hot and mostly solid

Front 3

core

Back 3

outer core is molten metal, inner core is solid metal

Front 4

lithosphere

Back 4

crust and uppermost mantle; divided into tectonic plates

Front 5

athenosphere

Back 5

soft middle mantle; heated by outer core

Front 6

magma

Back 6

below earths crust

Front 7

lava

Back 7

above earths crust

Front 8

convergent plate boundary

Back 8

plates that collide

Front 9

divergent plate boundary

Back 9

plates that move apart

Front 10

transform plate boundary

Back 10

plates that slip and grind against each other

Front 11

geosphere

Back 11

rocks and minerals on and below the earths surface

Front 12

biosphere

Back 12

the part of earth in which living and nonliving things interact

Front 13

atmosphere

Back 13

contains the gases that organisms need, such as oxygen; keeps earthworm enough to support life

Front 14

ozone

Back 14

protects the biosphere from the suns radiation

Front 15

hydrosphere

Back 15

consists of earths water, most of which is salt water

Front 16

aquifer

Back 16

an underground reservoir for storage of fresh ground water that has soaked down through soil and rock

Front 17

evaporation

Back 17

the process by which water moves from bodies of water into the atmosphere; sped up by warm temperatures and strong winds; water is converted from liquid to gas

Front 18

transpiration

Back 18

the process by which water moves from leaves of plants into the atmosphere

Front 19

condensation

Back 19

gas to liquid

Front 20

precipitation

Back 20

water returning from the atmosphere to the earths surface; occurs when water vapor undergoes condensation, changing from a gas to a liquid

Front 21

law of conservation of matter

Back 21

matter can be transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed

Front 22

nutrients

Back 22

matter cycles through the environment

Front 23

producers

Back 23

organisms that produce their own food

Front 24

consumers

Back 24

organisms, mainly animals, that must eat other organisms to obtain nutrients