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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Polyatomic Ions
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~A group of covalently bonded atoms that act as a single atom when bonding with other atoms.
~ Bonding woth polyatomic ions are covelant but they bond using ionic bonds with other atoms |
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Synthesis
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Two or more smaller substances combine to form one bigger, more complex substance
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Rates of Chemical Reactions
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~Kinetics is the study of reaction rates
~Collision Theory how fast a reaction occurs depends on four things ~Concentration ~Surface Area ~Temperature ~Catalyst |
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Surface Area
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~The greater the sirface area the faster the reaction rate
~To increase the rate of the reactoin you can break reactants into smaller pieces |
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Activation Energy
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Energy required for a chemical reaction to occur
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Endothermic Reaction
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Energy is absorbed
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Metallic Bonds
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~Occurs between two non-metals
~They a common electron cloud or sea of electrons ~The positive nucleus is attracted the surrounding electrons |
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Oxidation Number
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~The number of electron lost, gained, or shared during a chemical bond
~It is used to predict how the atoms will combine and what formula the resulting compound will be ~#1 rule the sum of the oxidation numbers must be zero |
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Catalyst
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~A substance that increases the rate of a reaction but is not itself changed by the reaction
~ It causes the activation energy needed to decrease |
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Surface Area
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~The greater the sirface area the faster the reaction rate
~To increase the rate of the reactoin you can break reactants into smaller pieces |
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Chemical Bonding
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~The combining of elements to form new substances.
~The electrons involved in chemical bonding are valence electrons. ~Three types of bonding Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic |
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Chmeical Reactions
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~Process in which the phys. and chemical properties of the original substances change as new substances with different phys. and chemical properites form
~Reactants yield products ~Energy is either abosrbed or realeased during a chemical reaction |
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Temperature
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~As temperature increases the reaction rate increases
~As temperature increases the amount of collisions increase as does the force with which the they collide making a greater percentage of the collisions "Effective Collision" |
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Ionic Bonding
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~Bonding that involves the transfer of electrons
~Form ions which are charged atoms ~Ionic bonds tend to from between metals and non-metals |
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Types of chemical reactions
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~There are four types
~Synthesis ~Decomposition ~Single Replacement ~Double Replacement |
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Crystals
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~The placement of ions in an ionic compound results in a regular, repeating. pattern called a crystal lattice.
~Crystals have high melting points and are very stable |
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Electron Affinity
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~The tendency of an atom to gain electrons
~As you go across the periodic table the electron affinity increases ~Flourite has the highest electron affinity |
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Concentration
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~The higher the concentration the greater the reaction rate
~ In a reversible reaction if the reactants concentration is increased then the reaction increases in the forward direction. If the products concentration increases then the reverse reaction's rate increases. |
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Decomposition
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Breaking a complex compound into two or more substances
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Molecules
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~Combination of atoms formed by a covalent bond
~Molecules usually have high melting points expcept for sand and graphite they are network solids |
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Double Replacement
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The compounds switch partners
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Exothermic Reaction
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Energy is released
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Covealent Bond
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~The sharing of electrons between two non-metals.
ex. H2O |
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Single Replacement
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An element replaces one of the elements in a compound
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