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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atom
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The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of the element
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electron
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a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
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nucleus
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an atom's central region which is made up of proton's and neutrons
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Who first proposed that the atom had a nucleus?
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Rutherford's model
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electron cloud
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a region around the nucleus of an atom in which electrons are likely to be found
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Who first proposed that electrons lived in electron clouds?
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Schroedinger and Heisenberg
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proton
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a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic mass unit
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a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule
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neutron
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a subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom
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Who discovered the neutron?
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Chadwick
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element
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isotope
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an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element, but has a different number of neutrons
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mass number
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the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic mass
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the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element
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[Recording System - Estoppel by deed]
What is estoppel by deed? 80 |
A person who sells a property, without actually owning it first, but who later acquires the property -- the original sale is treated as being valid
BUT, a person who later is a BFP of the property acquires on date of record (in record-notice jur) |
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the periodic law
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the chemical and physical properties of elements follow a repeating pattern based on the atomic number
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period
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a horizontal row of elements in the period table; chemical and physical properties follow a repeating pattern as you move across the row
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group
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a vertical column of elements on the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties; also called a family
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Alkali Metals
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an element in group one of the period table
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alkaline earth metals
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an element in group two of the periodic table;
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halogen
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elements in group 17 of the periodic table; they combine with most metals to form salts
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noble gas
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one of the elements of group 18 of the periodic table; noble gasses are unreactive
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ion
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a charged particle that has a different number of electrons than protons
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DAD Tries to Rob Big Schools and Houses Constantly
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Democritus, Aristotle, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Schroedinger & Heisenberg; Chadwick
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Democritis
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Atoms not divisible
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Aristotle
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Disagreed with Democritus; believed elements made up of earth air fire and water
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Dalton
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Did experiments that led to acceptance of atoms; Billiard Ball model; created the laws
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Thomson
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Plum Pudding Model; thought electrons were spread through atom evenly
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Rutherford
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Gold foil experiments; discovered the nucleus
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Bohr
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Electrons move on paths, like a ladder, but not between paths. He was wrong
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Schroedinger & Heisenberg
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electron clouds around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found
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Chadwick
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Discovered neutrons
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How did Mosely improve the periodic table?
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He arranged it in order of increasing atomic number.
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What are the four forces in an atom?
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strong force-
weak force- gravitational force; electromagnetic force |
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What is strong force?
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keeps protons together in the nucleus
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What is gravitational force?
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Pulls objects toward one another; the gravitational force within atoms is very small
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What is weak force?
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changes neutrons in certain unstable atoms into protons or electrons
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What is electromagnetic force?
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the force which causes particles with the same charge to repel each other and opposite charges to attract each other
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What is the definition of periodic?
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something that happens at regular intervals and is repeating
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what information can the periodic table tell you?
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It tells you the elements, chemical symbols, atomic number, atomic mass, type of element, physical state at room temperature.
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What is a period on the periodic table?
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A row of an element
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What is a group on the periodic table?
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a column of an element; also called a family
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What is the relationship between elements in a group (the same column)?
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They often have similar physical and chemical properties
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How can you tell the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element?
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the group number
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Which group numbers have an uncertain number of electrons?
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group 3 through 12
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How do you tell the number of electrons in groups 13 through 18?
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by the last digit of the group number
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What is the exception to the group number rule?
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Helium -- it has only two electrons in the outer shell even though it's in row 18
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What element is in a group by itself and why?
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Hydrogen -- because it doesn't match any of the properties of the other group.
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What are the three categories on the periodic table and where are they located?
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Metals - left of zig zag except H
Metalloids -- touching zig zag not Al Non Metals -- right of zigzag except H |
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Alkali Metals
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Group 1, 1 electron in outer shell
very soft, react violently with water so reactive always combined with other elements; stored in oil |
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Alkaline Earth Metals
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Group 2, 2 electrons in outer shell
very reactive but less than group one |
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Transition Metals
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Group 3 to 12
one or two electrons in outershell |
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Lanthanides and Actinides
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Bottom of chart
lanthanides shiny/reactive actinides/radioactive |
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Which elements on the periodic table are manmade? What is their group name?
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elements 95 to 103
actinides |
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Boron Group
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Group 13: 3 electrons in outer shell
they are fairly reactive/solids |
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What is the most common element in the Boron Group ?
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aluminum
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The Carbon Group
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Group 14: 4 electrons in outer shell
reactivity depends on what it's mixed with/solids |
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nitrogen group
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group 15-5 outer electrons
solid except for nitrogen, a gas reactivity |
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oxygen group
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group 16 - 6 outer electrons
oxygen gas, others solids reactive |
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halogens
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group 17 - 7 outer electrons
very reactive; bonds with elements in group one to form salt, never found uncombined in nature |
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What two groups like to bond? And what do they form?
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Group 1 and Group 17 to form salts
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Noble gases
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Group 18 - 8 outer electrons
non reactive and gases at room temperature |
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Why are noble gases unreactive?
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Because they have a full set of electrons; 8 is stable
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What is the most abundant element in the universe?
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Hydrogen
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What is the name of the Dalton model?
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The billiard ball model
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What is the name of the Thomson model?
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Plum pudding model
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What is the name of the Rutherford model?
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The solar system model
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What is the name of the Schroedinger and Hesienberg model?
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The electron cloud model
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What did Chadwick add to the electron cloud model?
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neutrons!
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