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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the definition of chemistry? |
Chemistry is a science that examines the properties of matter. |
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What does chemistry describe? |
Matter/material, its composition, structure and properties |
4 points |
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What is matter? |
Matter is anything that occupies space and has measurable mass, volume and density |
4 |
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What is made up of matter? |
All the materials in the universe are made up of matter |
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Can matter be manufactured or destroyed? |
No. |
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What three states does matter exist in? |
Solid, liquid and gas |
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Can matter change states? |
Yes |
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Can two things occupy the same space at the same time? |
No |
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What is matter measured by? |
Mass, volume and density |
3 points |
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Matter has __________ & ___________ properties. |
Physical & mechanical |
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What state of matter has definite shape, definite volume and cannot be compressed? |
Solid |
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What state of matter has no definite volume, no definite shape, but can be compressed? |
Gasses |
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What state of matter has definite volume and cannot be compressed? |
Liquids |
Takes on the shape of the container |
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Why is there only little movement allowed in solid form matter? |
Because the molecules are packed closely together. |
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Why do solids have a definite shape? |
Because the molecules are packed closely together |
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Why do liquids take the shape of the container? |
Because the molecules are farther apart, allows more movement |
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Why can gases be compressed? |
Lots of movement allowed as molecules are very far apart |
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What are the smaller units that all matter can be broken down into? |
Atoms and molecules |
2 |
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What do electrons move in orbit around? |
The nucleus |
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What is the smallest unit of matter? |
Atoms |
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Can atoms be broken down chemically into anything else? |
No |
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Where is the nucleus? |
Center of the atom |
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What unit of matter is small, dense and has a positive charge? |
The nucleus |
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What is the nucleus made up of? |
Neutrons and protons |
2 |
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What helps to hold the nucleus together? |
Neutrons |
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What particle of an atom has neither a negative nor a positive charge? |
Neutrons |
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Which particle of an atom has a negative charge? |
Electrons |
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What determines how atoms will combine with other atoms? |
The number of electrons |
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An electron weighs almost how many times less than a protron? |
2,000x |
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_________ are pure substances that are made up of only one type of atom. |
Elements |
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Can elements be split chemically into simpler substances? |
No |
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What makes up all matter in the universe? |
Elements |
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What are elements often referred to as? |
The building blocks of nature |
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How many elements are in The Periodic Table of Elements? |
109 |
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How many of the elements on the periodic table occur in nature? |
95 |
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How many of the elements on the periodic table are man made in laboratories? |
14 |
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What is a cyclotron? |
A machine used in laboratories to make elements |
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What 3 forms can elements be found in? |
Solid, liquid and gas |
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What are two examples of elements that are gases? |
Hydrogen and oxygen |
H²O |
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Which element is a liquid? |
Mercury |
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What are four examples of elements that are solids? |
Lead, copper, silver and gold |
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What are molecules made up of? |
Atoms of elements |
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What two things are the characteristics of a substance determined by? |
The combination of molecules and the proportion of those molecules |
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When was the first periodic table of elements created? |
1869 |
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Steel with a higher percentage of carbon is more... |
Brittle |
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Steel with a lower percentage of carbon is more... |
Flexible |
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What is a compound? |
Two or more atoms or molecules joined together chemically |
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What is a mixture made up of? |
Two or more different elements |
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What term is used to describe when a substance changes its physical state but keeps its own characteristics? |
Physical change |
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what term describes a change in which substances are converted into different substances with different characteristic properties? |
Chemical change |
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What is hydrogen peroxide made up of? |
Two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms |
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The spacing between molecules in a substance, and the way the individual molecules in a substance move, determines what? |
The state of the substance (solid, liquid or gas) |
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Elements or compounds exist in the from of __________ & __________. |
Molecules and atoms |
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What determines the spacing between molecules in a substance? |
Cohesive and adhesive forces |
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What term is used to describe molecules that are strongly attracted to one another? |
Cohesive force |
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What term is used to describe the attraction between molecules that are different? |
Adhesive force |
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What term describes why paint sticks or adheres to wood and why oil lubricates moving pieces of machinery? |
Adhesive |
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What form of matter has a very strong cohesive force? |
Solid |
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What form of matter has strong adhesive forces which allows them to adhere to surfaces? |
Liquid |
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What form of matter has almost no cohesive force? |
Gas |
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All _________ are in constant motion. |
molecules |
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What happens to matter when it's temperature rises or falls enough to affect the motion of the molecules? |
It changes from one state to another |
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What happens when molecules collide? |
Can cause a change of speed or direction in the molecules |
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In a physical change, do the molecules that make up a substance change? |
No the movement of the molecules and the amount of space between them does |
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What is vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid referred to as? |
Evaporation |
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What takes place at the surface of all liquids at all times, no matter what the temperature? |
Evaporation |
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What is the opposite of vaporization? |
Condensation |
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What happens when the molecules slow down for a gas to change into a liquid? |
Condensation |
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As the molecules move farther apart the attraction between the molecules is produced. This attraction is known as what? |
Intermolecular force |
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In what state is the intermolecular force the strongest? |
Solids |
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What is a solid changing into a liquid referred to as? |
Melting |
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When heat is added to a liquid, what happens? |
The molecules speed up even more |
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When a liquid changes to a gas, the process is called what? |
Vaporization |
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What is the process of a substance changing directly from a solid into a gas referred to as? |
sublimation |
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What happens to the intermolecular force as a substance melts from a solid to a liquid? |
It weakens because the molecules are spreading apart |
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solid + increased temp = |
liquid |
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liquid + increased temp = |
gas |
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