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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define temperature
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
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What is the relationship between temperature and average kinetic energy?
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as the average kinetic energy of an object increases, its temperature will increase
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Fahrenheit formula
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(1.8 x Celsius temp) + 32
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Celsius formula
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(Fahrenheit temp - 32) / 1.8
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Kelvin formula
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Celsius temp + 273
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Identify heat as a form of energy transfer
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the transfer of energy always takes place from a substance at a higher temperature to a substance at a lower temperature
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What is the principle on which thermometers work?
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most objects expand when their temperatures increase
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How does a digital thermometer work?
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it uses changes in electricity to measure temperature
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How does a liquid thermometer work?
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It uses the expansion of a liquid, alcohol or mercury to indicate change in temperature
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What is absolute zero and whats its equivalent temp on other temp scales?
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the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum, 0 kelvin or -273.16 C
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Define heat
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the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures
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What is the specific heat equation?
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energy = (specific heat) x (mass) x (temperature change)
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Define specific heat
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the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material
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boiling point for Fahrenheit
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212 degrees
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freezing point
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32 degrees
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Define conduction
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the transfer of energy as heat
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Define Radiation
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the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
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Define convection
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the vertical movement of air currents due to temp variations
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Define conductor
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any material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat
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Define insulator
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poor conductor
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Define electromagnetic waves
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a wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which radiate outward at the speed of light
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What causes the sensation of hot and cold, warm and cool?
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energy transfer
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What is the direction of flow or heat transfer?
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it is transferred from the warmer object to the cooler object
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What is the type of energy transferred between objects of different temperatures?
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heat energy
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What is the method of energy transfer?
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conduction, convection, radiation
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What is the method of energy transfer that does not require matter as a medium?
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radiation
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What is the law of conservation of energy?
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energy cannot be created or destroyed
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How is the body of a reptile sitting on a warm rock heated?
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because the transfer of energy always takes place from a substance at a higher temp to a lower temp
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Define conduction
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the transfer of energy as heat
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Define Radiation
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the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
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Define convection
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the vertical movement of air currents due to temp variations
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Define conductor
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any material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat
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Define insulator
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poor conductor
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Define electromagnetic waves
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a wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which radiate outward at the speed of light
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What causes the sensation of hot and cold, warm and cool?
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energy transfer
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What is the direction of flow or heat transfer?
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it is transferred from the warmer object to the cooler object
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What is the type of energy transferred between objects of different temperatures?
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heat energy
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What is the method of energy transfer?
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conduction, convection, radiation
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What is the method of energy transfer that does not require matter as a medium?
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radiation
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What is the law of conservation of energy?
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energy cannot be created or destroyed
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How is the body of a reptile sitting on a warm rock heated?
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because the transfer of energy always takes place from a substance at a higher temp to a lower temp
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type of electromagnetic waves
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light waves
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Define melting
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the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding heat or changing pressure
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Define Freezing
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the change of state in which a liquid becomes a solid as heat is removed
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Define condensation
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the change of state from a gas to a liquid
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Define evaportation
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the change of state from a liquid to a gas
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Define sublimation
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the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas (the term is sometimes also used for the reverse process)
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Define endothermic
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describes a process in which heat is absorbed from the environment
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Define exothermic
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describes a process in which a system releases heat into the environment
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What is the kinetic theory of matter?
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all matter is made of atoms and molecules, these tiny particles are in motion the higher temp the faster, at the same temp more massive particles move slower
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What is that factor that determines the speed of atoms and molecules?
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kinetic energy
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What is the law of conservation of mass?
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mass cannot be created or destroyed
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Define solid
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the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
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Define liquid
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the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape
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Define gas
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a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
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Define plasma
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a state of matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized
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What is the only state of matter that is not a fluid?
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gas
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Define energy
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the capacity to do work
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What is the most common state of matter in the universe; in the solar system?
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plasma
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Why does a solid hold its shape?
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because the structure of solid is rigid and the particles have almost no freedom to change position
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What happens to the molecules and atoms of a substance when heat is added to the substance?
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they move faster
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What must be transferred for any change in state of matter to occur?
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energy
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Define Density
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the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
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density formula
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d=mv
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