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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemical formula |
The formula identifies which elements and how much of each are in the compound |
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NaCl(s) - sodium chloride Name the chemical formula and the chemical name |
Chemical formula = NaCl(s) Chemical name = sodium chloride |
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In what century did a system for naming chemicals get created |
18th |
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In what year did a french chemist created a system, or nomenclature, for compounds |
1787 |
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How to find the chemical name |
Use the chamical name for each element in the compound ALWAYS putting the metal first |
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What are the chemical name for the following... NaCl(s) H(2)0 NaOH(s) NaCHO(3) CH (4) (g) C(6)H(12)O(6) (s) |
Table salt Water Sodium hydroxide Baking soda Methane Sugar |
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What are the reactants?? What are the products?? |
Reactants are what goes into the equation (always on the left) Products are what is produced (on the right) |
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Ionic compound (4) |
Pure substance
Formed as a result of the attraction between particles of opposite chathes, called ions (metal and a non metal)
All Ionic compounds are solid at room temperature
High melting point, good conductor, distinct crystal shape |
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Ions (2) |
Indicate ions in written notation, plus sign or minus sign is placed to the upper right of the element symbol Ion such ascopper, iron and lead to have multiple ion charges. We use Roman numerals to indicate which one we are using |
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Polyatomic ions |
Sometimes when certain atoms of an element combine they form polyatomic ions
Poly means many
They are group of atoms acting as one atom
An example is Co(3) [2-] Box brackets= ion charge😄 |
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What are the two rules for naming ionic compounds |
The metal is always first in the chemical name The ending of the non-metal is changed to IDE |
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Steps for writing ionic compound formulas |
Identify the ions and their charges Determine the ratio of charges needed to balance The charge on the metal ion classes to become the subscript on the non-metal ion The charge on the non-metal ion crosses to become the subscript on the metal iron Reduce the ratio of subscripts in the formula |
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Molecular compounds (4) |
Can be solids liquids or gases at room temperature Tend to be insulators, poor conductors Have relatively low melting point and boiling points because the forces between them molecules are weak Made up of non-metals |
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How many atoms are there in each Mono Di Tri Tetra Penta |
1 2 3 4 5 |
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Molecular compound formulas |
Find the elements on the periodic table write them in a formula with the correct number of atoms based on the information in the chemical name |
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Naming molecular compounds |
No metals so the middle cannot go first Where there is more than one atom of prefix is used |
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When is the prefix mono not used |
When the first element has only one atom |
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Chemical reaction |
Takes place when two or more substances combine to form a new substance |
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Reactants |
Substances that go into a reaction |
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Products |
Substances that are produced in a reaction |
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Exothermic reaction |
Reactions that release or generate heat (Hot) |
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Endothermic reaction |
Reactions that absorb the heat (Cold) |
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Types of reactions (3) |
Corrosion combustion cellular respiration |
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Corrosion |
Oxidization of metals are rocks in the presence of air and moisture Rust is iron oxide it's a product of the chemical reaction of iron oxygen and water Oxygen is always a reactant in a corrosion reaction |
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How to protect material from corrosion |
Apply a thin coat of paint, coat metal with zinc, galvanization (process of coating a metal with zinc), electroplating (the process of coating a metal with another metal) |
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Combustion |
Reactive combination of a substance with oxygen
Requires heat oxygen and fuel Heat is always a product Everytime something Burns that combines with oxygen from the air and produces a form of energy |
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Cellular respiration |
Chemical reaction that takes place in cells in your body food reacts with oxygen to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide |
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Evidence of a chemical reaction |
Change in color
Change in odor
Creation of a solid (precipitate) or gas
Energy or heat is absorbed or emitted |
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The law of conservation of mass |
Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants is always the same as the mass of the products |
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What's a closed system and what is an open system |
A closed system is one where no additional material is allowed to enter or leave An open system is an experiment in which one or more products of chemical reaction can escape |
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Rates of reaction |
Reactions can occur at different rates |
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What are the five factors that can affect the rate of reaction |
Presence of a catalyst Concentration of the reactants Temperature of reactants Surface area of reactants Electrical energy |
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Presence of a catalyst |
Catalysts are substances that help a reaction proceed faster They are not consumed during a reaction They are not consumed during a reactionThe most common catalysts are the enzymes that your body uses to break down food The most common catalysts are the enzymes that your body uses to break down food |
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Concentration of the reactants |
The higher the concentration of reactants the faster the reaction The increased concentration means there more atoms available to react |
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Temperature of reactants |
By increasing the temperature of the reactants you can speed up the reaction |
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Surface area of reactants |
The greater the surface area of the reactants the more area there is available for reaction |
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Electrical energy |
By adding electrical energy to the reactants we can speed up the reaction the electrical energy excits the atom causing them to move faster and come in contact with each other and more readily |
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Name these groups: Group 1 Group 2 Group 17 Group 18 |
Alkali metals Alkaline earth Halogens Noble gases |
