Science 3Rd 9 Weeks Exam (Test 11)

Front 1

molecule

Back 1

a tiny group of two or more atoms that are bonded tightly together

Front 2

element

Back 2

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom

Front 3

compound

Back 3

a substance that is composed of more than one type of atom bonded together

Front 4

matter

Back 4

anything that takes up space and has mass

Front 5

density

Back 5

the amount of matter in one unit of volume

Front 6

atom

Back 6

a tiny particle from which all substances are composed; the smallest particle of an element

Front 7

atomic number

Back 7

the number of protons in an atom

Front 8

electron

Back 8

one of the tiny particles that circle around the nucleus of an atom

Front 9

gram

Back 9

a metric unit used to measure an object's mass

Front 10

mass

Back 10

the amount of matter that makes up an object

Front 11

neutral

Back 11

anything lacking an electrical charge

Front 12

proton

Back 12

a positively charged particle that helps make up the nucleus of an atom

Front 13

shell

Back 13

a group of electrons in an atom that orbit at roughly the same distance from the nucleus

Front 14

weight

Back 14

the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

Front 15

Robert Goddard

Back 15

the American scientist who built and launched the first liquid-fueled rocket; the "Father of Modern Rocketry"

Front 16

John Glenn

Back 16

the first American to orbit the earth

Front 17

Uri Gagarin

Back 17

the first person to travel in space

Front 18

Isaac Newton

Back 18

the scientist who discovered the law of gravitation, the 3 laws of motion, and that sunlight is a combination of many colors; he developed the reflecting telescope

Front 19

Neil Armstrong

Back 19

the first person to set foot on the moon

Front 20

nebulae

Back 20

large clouds of gas and dust in space

Front 21

core

Back 21

the innermost region of the earth

Front 22

crust

Back 22

the outermost layer of the earth

Front 23

mantle

Back 23

the middle layer of the earth

Front 24

Betelgeuse

Back 24

a bright supergiant star in the constellation; Orion represents Orion's right shoulder

Front 25

Sirius

Back 25

the brightest star in the night sky; located in the constellation Canis Major

Front 26

earthquake

Back 26

any trembling or shaking of the earth's crust

Front 27

metamorphic rock

Back 27

a rock produced by metamorphism of an igneous or sedimentary rock

Front 28

sedimentary rock

Back 28

a rock that is formed from sediments that have been pressed together into solid rock

Front 29

classification

Back 29

the process of arranging animals or other things into groups according to their similarities

Front 30

regeneration

Back 30

the replacement of lost body parts

Front 31

arthropod

Back 31

an invertebrate that has an external skeleton, jointed appendages, and a segmented body

Front 32

arachnid

Back 32

an arthropod with 2 distinct body regions, 8 legs, simple eyes, no wings, and a book lung

Front 33

crustaceans

Back 33

a class of arthropods with hard, crusty shells

Front 34

composite volcano

Back 34

volcano that is formed when alternating layers of fluid lava and tephra build up a steep, symmetrical mountain

Front 35

shield volcano

Back 35

volcano that forms when large amounts of fluid, runny lava gradually build up a dome-shaped mountain

Front 36

cinder cone volcano

Back 36

volcano that is formed when eruptions composed mostly of tephra build up a cone-shaped mountain

Front 37

lava

Back 37

the name for molten rock after it reaches the earth's surface

Front 38

magma

Back 38

melted rock

Front 39

supernova

Back 39

the violent explosion of a star

Front 40

nova

Back 40

an occurrence when a star suddenly flares up to many times its original brightness

Front 41

galaxy

Back 41

a star system containing from millions to billions of stars

Front 42

photosphere

Back 42

the sun's visible surface; "sphere of light"

Front 43

chromosphere

Back 43

the part of the sun's atmosphere closest to the sun's surface; "sphere of color"

Front 44

Regulus

Back 44

the brightest star in the constellation Leo that marks one of the lion's front paws

Front 45

Polaris

Back 45

a star in the constellation Ursa Minor that is the North Star

Front 46

Orion

Back 46

a the brightest of all constellations, located in the Northern Hemisphere, resembles a hunter holding a shield and a club with a sword at his side

Front 47

geostationary orbit

Back 47

an orbit in which a satellite follows the direction of the earth's rotation in such a way that is stays in the same location in the sky

Front 48

oscillation

Back 48

a back and forth motion that repeatedly follows the same path

Front 49

polar orbit

Back 49

an orbit in which a satellite travels perpendicular to the equator passing over the polar regions as it circles the earth

Front 50

pulsar

Back 50

a star that produces rapid bursts of radio waves

Front 51

refraction

Back 51

the bending of any wave's direction at the boundary between two wave media

Front 52

reflection

Back 52

the turning back or turning aside of any wave when it hits an obstacle

Front 53

wavelength

Back 53

the length of one complete wave or cycle of oscillation, measured from crest to crest or trough to trough

Front 54

geologist

Back 54

a scientist who studies the earth