Science 10 Unit B: Physics

Front 1

Acceleration

Back 1

Change in velocity during a specific time interval. (m/s2) (metres per second squared).

Front 2

Average Speed

Back 2

Distance travelled in a specified time

Front 3

Chemical Energy

Back 3

Potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of compounds.

Front 4

Closed System

Back 4

Any system that exchanges energy with its surroundings but not matter.

Front 5

Displacement

Back 5

Vector quantity that measure the change in distance and the change in direction or position of an object.

Front 6

Distance Travelled

Back 6

Scalar quantity that measures how far an object has travelled.

Front 7

Efficiency

Back 7

Ratio of useful work output to the total work input; Measurement of how effectively a machine converts energy input into useful energy output.

Front 8

Elastic Potential Energy

Back 8

Energy stored in an object that has its shape changed by stretching, twisting or compressing.

Front 9

Electrical Energy

Back 9

work done by moving charges; energy produced by moving electrons.

Front 10

Energy

Back 10

Ability to do work.

Front 11

Energy Input

Back 11

Energy needed to do work.

Front 12

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 12

The total energy, including heat, in a system and its surroundings remains constant.

Front 13

Force

Back 13

Push or pull applied to an object; measured in newtons.

Front 14

Fossil Fuels

Back 14

Carbon-Based fuels formed from the remains of living organisms.

Front 15

Gravitational Potential Energy

Back 15

Energy of an object because of its position above the surface of earth.

Front 16

Heat

Back 16

Energy transferred from an object from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature; thermal energy.

Front 17

Heat Engine

Back 17

Device that converts heat into mechanical energy.

Front 18

Heat Pump

Back 18

Device that uses mechanical energy to transfer heat.

Front 19

Internal Combustion Engine

Back 19

Device in which energy is released by burning fuel inside the engine.

Front 20

Isolated System

Back 20

System that cannot exchange either matter or energy with its surroundings.

Front 21

Kinetic Energy

Back 21

Energy of a moving object.

Front 22

Law of Conservation of Energy

Back 22

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be changed from one form to another, and the total amount of energy never changes.

Front 23

Mechanical Energy

Back 23

Energy due to the motion and position of an object.

Front 24

Motion

Back 24

The changing in position of an object relative to a reference point; an imaginary line joining the object to the reference point changes in length and direction or both.

Front 25

Non-Renewable Energy Source

Back 25

Energy source that is limited and cannot be replaced.

Front 26

Nuclear Energy

Back 26

Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

Front 27

Open System

Back 27

A system that exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings.

Front 28

Perfect Machine/Perpetual Motion Machine

Back 28

Hypothetical machine in which all the input energy is converted completely into mechanical energy.

Front 29

Potential Energy

Back 29

Energy that is stored and held in readiness; Energy that has the potential to do work.

Front 30

Radiant Energy

Back 30

Energy that is transmitted as electromagnetic waves.

Front 31

Scalar Quantity

Back 31

Quantity that indicates magnitude only.

Front 32

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 32

Heat always flows naturally from a hot object to a cold object, never naturally from cold to hot.

Front 33

Solar Energy

Back 33

Energy from the sun; Generated by a hydrogen-hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction.

Front 34

Surroundings

Back 34

Everything outside of a system.

Front 35

Sustainable

Back 35

Description of any process that will not compromise the survival of living things or future generations while still providing for current energy needs.

Front 36

Sustainable Development

Back 36

The use of the world's resources in a way that maintains the resources for future generations.

Front 37

System

Back 37

A set of interconnected parts; can be classified as open, closed or isolated.

Front 38

Thermal Power Station

Back 38

Electrical generating station that uses thermal energy to produce steam to drive turbines; Sources of thermal energy include: coal, natural gas and nuclear energy.

Front 39

Thermodynamics

Back 39

Study of the interrelationships between heat, work and energy.

Front 40

Uniform Motion

Back 40

Movement in a straight line at a constant speed.

Front 41

Useful Energy Output

Back 41

Energy needed to do work.

Front 42

Useful Work Output

Back 42

Work that a machine is supposed to do.

Front 43

Vector Quanitity

Back 43

Quantity that includes magnitude (size) and direction.

Front 44

Velocity

Back 44

Speed and direction of an object.

Front 45

Work

Back 45

A measure of the amount of energy transferred from an object to another when an object moves against an opposing force or the speed of an object increases; calculated by multiplying the force acting on an object by the distance the object travels.