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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alpha particle
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- a positively charged atomic particle
- large and slow - nucleus same as helium atom |
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beta particle
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a high speed electron emitted by a radioactive nucleus in beta decay that has a mass of zero and negative charge
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gamma radiation
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short wave-length, high energy, rays of radiation emitted from the nuclei of atoms that have almost no mass and no charge
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radioactivity
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the release of high-energy particles and rays of energy as a result of changes in the nuclei of atoms
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radiation
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high-energy rays and particles emitted by radioactive sources
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light
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a form of radiation that is visible to humans
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Wilhelm Roentgen
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German physicist who discovered energy was emitted from certain materials when bombarded with electrons
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Henri Becquerel
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French physicist who discovered radioactivity in Uranium
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Marie and Pierre Curie
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Chemists who developed an explanation of radioactivity and developed the field of nuclear chemistry, which won them Noble prizes.
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Isotopes
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different atoms of a certain element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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mass number
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the sum of an atom's protons and neutrons
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standard atomic notation
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a shortened form scientists use to represent isotopes using the chemical symbol, and to its left, the mass number (above) and the atomic number (below)
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nuclear symbol
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another name used for the standard atomic symbol
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radioactive decay
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the process in which unstable nuclei gain stability by losing energy through emitting radiation
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alpha decay
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the emission of an alpha particle from a nucleus
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beta decay
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a neutron changes into a proton and an electron; the electron shoots out from the nucleus with a lot of energy
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gamma decay
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results from a redistribution of energy within the nucleus
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radiocarbon dating
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process of determining the age of an object by measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in that object
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half-life
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a constant for any radioactive isotope and is equal to the time required for half the nuclei in a sample to decay
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decay curve
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a line on a graph that shows the rate at which radioisotopes decay
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parent isotope
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the isotope the undergoes radioactive decays
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daughter isotope
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the stable product of radioactive decay
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fusion
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a nuclear reaction in which small nuclei combine to produce a larger nucleus
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fission
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a nuclear reaction in which a large nucleus breaks apart, producing two or more smaller nuclei, subatomic particles, and energy
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nuclear reaction
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a process in which an atom's nucleus changes by gaining or releasing particles or energy
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induced nuclear reaction
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a process used to force a nuclear reaction by bombarding a nucleus with alpha particles, beta particles or gamma rays
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