Sci Chap 14 Sec 3 & 4

Front 1

4 types of chemical

reactions

Back 1

synthesis reaction

decomposition

single displacement

double displacement

Front 2

synthesis reaction

Back 2

a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form one new

compound

Front 3

decomposition reaction

Back 3

a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances

(the reverse of synthesis)

Front 4

Single displacement reactions

Back 4

a reaction in which one element or radical takes the place of

another element or radical in a compound

result: a new compound and a different element

Front 5

Single displacement

reaction - why?

Back 5

more reactive element displaces (replaces) a less reactive element in a compound

does not work in reverse though, so a less reactive element does not replace a more reactive element

Front 6

Double displacement

reaction

Back 6

a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate or a molecular compound forms from the exchange of ions between two compounds

(ions from 2 compounds exchange places)

(product is often a gas or precipitate)

Front 7

Exothermic reaction

Back 7

a chemical reaction in which energy is released

(Exo = out, exit, go out;

Thermic = heat, energy)

"energy" written in product

Front 8

Endothermic reaction

Back 8

a chemical reaction in which energy is taken

(endo = go in)

"energy" written in the reactants

photosynthesis is endorthermic - plants use

energy to produce glucose

Front 9

Law of conservation of

energy

Back 9

states the energy cannot be

created or destroyed

energy can change forms and be transferred from one product to another

Front 10

Rate of reaction

Back 10

the speed at which new particles form

(particles collide to create reaction - there must be energy to break bonds)

Front 11

Activation energy

Back 11

the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Front 12

Sources of activation

energy

Back 12

~Friction (striking match)

~Electric spark (spark car's engine)

~Light

Front 13

4 factors that affect the rate of reaction of particles

Back 13

~temperature

~concentration

~surface area

~presence of inhibitor or catalyst

Front 14

Temperature

Back 14

higher temperature causes faster reaction -

particles are moving faster so collide more often

creating more energy

Front 15

Concentration

Back 15

higher concentration of reactants causes a faster rate of reaction - concentration is the measure of the amount of one substance dissolved in another substance - higher concentration means more particles in a given volume so smaller distance between them

Front 16

Surface Area

Back 16

surface area is the amount of exposed surface of a substance. Increasing surface area of solid reactants increases the rate of reaction because it exposes more particles of the reactant to other particles

Front 17

Inhibitors

Back 17

a substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction (helpful with foods by adding

preservatives to slow down bacteria growth)

Front 18

Catalysts

Back 18

a substance that speeds up a reaction with being permanently changed (because it is not changed it is not a reactant). Catalysts lower activation energy allowing reaction to happen more quickly