Sci 210B Final Exam

Front 1

What is a difference between an element and an atom?

Back 1

Element is material made of only one kind of atom. Atom is a unit of an element.

Hint 1

Front 2

What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?

Back 2

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Hint 2

Front 3

Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons located in the atom?

Back 3

Protons- nucleus

Neutrons- shells

Electrons- outside nucleus

Hint 3

Front 4

What is the relative charge of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Back 4

Protons- +1

Electrons- -1

Neutrons- 0

Hint 4

Front 5

What is the mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Back 5

Protons- 1

Electrons- 0

Neutrons- 1

Hint 5

Front 6

What is the difference between the atomic number and the atomic mass?

Back 6

Atomic number is the number of protons. The atomic mass is how much mass is in the atom.

Front 7

How can you determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons?

Back 7

Protons- atomic number

Electrons- atomic number

Neutrons- mass number

Front 8

Define isotope

Back 8

Atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Front 9

Identify the main characteristic differences between solids, liquids, and gases.

Back 9

Solid is rigid, has a fixed volume, and a fixed shape. Liquid is not rigid, has no fixed shape, has a fixed volume. Gas is not rigid, has no fixed volume, and no fixed shape.

Hint 9

Front 10

Determine the type of bond that holds a metal and a nonmetal together.

Back 10

Ionic

Hint 10

Front 11

Determine the type of bond that holds two nonmetals together. How do you name them?

Back 11

Covalent.

1-mono

2-di

3-tri

4-tetra

Front 12

Define ion

Back 12

An atom that has lost or gained electrons

Front 13

Identify a molecule as polar, nonpolar, or ionic.

Back 13

Polar is unequal sharing. Nonpolar is equal sharing. Ionic is metal and nonmetal.

Hint 13

Front 14

What does a “mole” refer to?

Back 14

6.02x10^23 used to measure numbers of atoms or molecules.

Front 15

What is the formula for molarity?

Back 15

Molarity=moles of solute/liter of solution

Front 16

Distinguish between solute and solvent.

Back 16

Solvent is the major component of a solution. Solute is the minor component of a solution.

Front 17

Contrast exothermic and endothermic reactions.

Back 17

Endothermic is the net release of energy. Endothermic is the net absorption of energy- more upon exit.

Front 18

Contrast acids and bases.

Back 18

An acid donates hydrogen. A base accepts hydrogen.

Front 19

Where do strong/bases fall on the pH scale.

Back 19

More acidic is to the left. More basic is to the right.

Hint 19

Front 20

Identify and briefly describe the characteristics of living things.

Back 20

Use energy, develop and grow, maintain themselves, have he capacity to reproduce, parts of populations that evolve.

Front 21

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Back 21

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and eukaryotic cells don’t.

Hint 21

Front 22

What does the cell theory refer to?

Back 22

All living things are made up of one or more cells. All cells come from other cells

Front 23

Describe the main characteristics of the cell membrane

Back 23

Defines a cells boundary. Controls what moves into and out of the cell.

Hint 23

Front 24

Explain diffusion.

Back 24

The tendency of molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Hint 24

Front 25

How do cells reproduce?

Back 25

Mitosis- one parent cell divides int two daughter cells that have the same genetic information as the parent cell.

Hint 25

Front 26

Describe prophase.

Back 26

Chromosomes condense and nuclear membranes break down.

Front 27

Describe metaphase.

Back 27

Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane.

Front 28

Describe anaphase.

Back 28

Sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite poles of the cell

Front 29

Describe telophase.

Back 29

New nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes

Front 30

How many daughter cells are made from the mother cell durning mitosis?

Back 30

Two daughter cells. They are identical.

Front 31

What is ATP?

Back 31

Provides energy for chemical reactions in cells.

Front 32

What are enzymes? How do they work? What factors influence their activity?

Back 32

Large complex proteins. Bonds the reactants at its active site and releases the products. PH, temp, and other features of the environment affect it.

Front 33

What organisms are capable of undergoing photosynthesis?

Back 33

Plants, algae, and bacteria.

Hint 33

Front 34

What organisms are capable of undergoing aerobic cellular respiration?

Back 34

All eukaryotic organisms.

Hint 34

Front 35

Define a gene.

Back 35

A section of DNA that controls the instructions for building a protein.

Hint 35

Front 36

Contrast genotype and phenotype.

Back 36

An organisms genes make up its genotype. The traits of an organism make up its phenotype.

Front 37

Define haploid and diploid.

Back 37

Haploid- only one of each kind of chromosome- sperm and egg

Diploid- two of each kind of chromosome

Hint 37

Front 38

What is the typical human haploid chromosome number?

Back 38

46

Front 39

What is the typical human diploid chromosome number?

Back 39

23

Front 40

How many sex chromosomes are there typically in humans?

Back 40

2 X and Y

Front 41

How many autosomes are there typically in humans?

Back 41

44. All but sex chromosomes

Front 42

Provide a description of the composition and structure of DNA. How is RNA different?

Back 42

DNA is a double helix. RNA is single stranded.

Hint 42

Front 43

What happens during DNA replication?

Back 43

1. DNA strands are separated.

2. Each strand serves as a template.

3. Each new strand contains one new and one old.

4. Each new DNA is identical to the original.

Hint 43

Front 44

Be able to produce the complementary strand for a provided strand of DNA.

Back 44

A-T

G-C

Hint 44

Front 45

Be able to transcribe a strand of DNA to build RNA.

Back 45

T-U

G-C

Front 46

What is a codon?

Back 46

Set of three nucleotides are “read” from the mRNA occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Front 47

What is a permanent change to the DNA sequence called? Are the always harmful? Wha kinda of things can cause such changes in the DNA?

Back 47

Mutation

Not always harmful

Errors during DNA replication or exposure to things that damage DNA.

Front 48

Describe the basic events of meiosis.

Back 48

One diploid cell divides into four haploid cells. They are all unique.

Hint 48

Front 49

Name two sources of genetic diversity during meiosis.

Back 49

1. Crossing over

2. Independent separation

Hint 49

Front 50

Do populations or individuals evolve?

Back 50

Populations

Front 51

What are the 8 evidences of evolution presented?

Back 51

Evolution of the whale blowhole

Evolution and loss of whale hind legs

Peppered moth

Antibiotic resistant bacteria