Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what type of joints are the skull sutures? |
fibrous joints (synarthoses) |
|
what forms the anterior cranial fossa? |
frontal bone, ethmoid, lesser wing of sphenoid |
|
what forms the middle cranial fossa? |
sphenoid (greater wing and body), petrous part of temporal bone |
|
what forms the posterior cranial fossa? |
temporal, occipital bones |
|
what does the pia mater form? |
forms choroid plexus (produced CSF) together with ependymal cells |
|
what passes through foramen spinosum? |
middle meningeal artery |
|
what passes through the foramen lacerum? |
nothing. internal carotid is SUPERIOR to foramen lacerum (before carotid canal) |
|
which is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?
|
maxillary artery, of external carotid artery |
|
what travels via transverse foraminae? |
verterbral arteries |
|
which layers are the dural venous sinuses between? |
periosteal and meningeal layers of dura |
|
where does most blood from the brain drain? |
internal jugular vein |
|
where does an extradural/ epidural haemorrhage occur? |
between dura and skull |
|
what usually causes extra/epidural haemorrhage? |
rupture of middle meningeal artery |
|
what causes a subdural haemorrhage? |
veins crossing subdural space burst |
|
where does a subarachnoid haemorrhage occur? |
between arachnoid and pia mata |
|
where does CSF exit the ventricles? |
roof of fourth ventricle into subarachnoid space (cisterna magna) |
|
where is CSF reabsorbed? |
arachnoid granulations into systemic veins eg. superior sagittal sinus |
|
what is increase CSF in the young called? |
hydrocephalus |
|
what is the ganglion of the trigeminal branches? |
semilunar/ gasserian ganglion |
|
what supplies skin over the angle of the jaw? |
C2 |
|
what is the mandibular nerve motor to? |
muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor palatani, anterior belly of digastric |
|
where does v1, v2, v3 enter the face? |
V1 - supraorbital, supratrochlear V2 - infraorbital V3 - auriculotemporal, mental |
|
how/ where does the facial artery end? |
as angular artery at medial commisure of the eye |
|
describe the course of the facial vein. |
angular vein - anterior facial vein (also receives external palatine vein) - anterior retromandibular vein forming common facial vein / internal jugular vein |
|
what is the clinical significance of the facial vein? |
directly connects opthalmic vein then deep venous sinus within cavernous sinus |
|
what is the function of zygomaticus? |
raises corner's of mouth |
|
what is the function of platysma? |
draws mouth downwards |
|
where does the facial nerve enter the face? |
stylomastoid foramen |
|
What are three main branches of the facial nerve? |
1. facial nerve proper - facial expression, closes eye, BM 2. chorda tympani - salivation VM, tastes pie SS 3. greater petrosal nerve - nose/ palate glands, make you cry VM... all glands except parotid |
|
apart from muscles of facial expression, what does the facial nerve branchial motor component supply? |
posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius |
|
what does the parotid gland contain? |
terminal branches of CNVII, external carotid division into maxillary and superficial temporal |
|
where is the parotid gland and what does it pierce? |
on masseter, pierces buccinator |
|
what is the cutaneous innervation to the front, back and sides of the scape? |
front - supraorbital nerve Vi back - greater occipital nerve C2 side - auricolotemporal nerve Viii, lesser occipital nerve c2 |
|
describe where the cranial nerves arise. |
1-4 = anterior portion of brain 5 - 7= pons 8 - inner ear then goes to pons 9-12 - medulla oblongata |
|
what is the difference between the optic nerve and optic tract? |
nerve - fibres from respective side tract - fibres from both sides |
|
what passes through the optic foramen? |
optic nerve, opthalmic foramen |
|
what passes through the SOF? |
3, 4, 5i, 6, opthalmic veins |
|
what does cniii supply? |
most extraocular muscles, levator palpabrae, superioris |
|
describe the course of the oculomotor nerve. |
between sup. cerebellar and post. cerebral artery - pierces dura mata - lateral wall cavernous sinus |
|
what passes through IAM? |
vii, viii, labyrinthine artery |
|
what passes through the jugular foramen? |
IX, X, XI, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus |
|
which two cranial nerves carry sensory information about blood pressure to the brain? |
ix, x |
|
what is the in anterior triangle of the neck? |
cervical plexus, vagus, hypoglossal interior jugular vein anterior jugulat vein ansa cervicalis external carotid artery |
|
what is in the posterior triangle of the neck? |
accessory nerve 4 superficial cervical branches external jugular vein |
|
what are the contents of the anterior carotid sheath? |
external carotid artery internal jugular vein vagus nerve |
|
what are the contents of the posterior carotid sheath? |
common carotid artery vagus nerve right recurrent laryngeal left recurrent laryngeal |