Subdural haematoma (SDH) is a type of focal brain injury which consists of contusions and bleeding (Sawauchi & Abe, 2008). Contusions and bleeding occur from small tears in blood vessels which are commonly caused by external forces such as vehicular accidents and falls (Craft et al., 2015). Subdural haematoma can be described as an extra cerebral blood collection which is located between the dura mater and the middle layer of the meninges (Iliescu, 2015). The development of haematoma does not exist in the subarachnoid area or in the basal cisterns (Iliescu, 2015). “The accumulation of blood can increase the intracranial pressure and compress the brain” (Craft et al., 2015, p.199). This can cause the brain forced downwards towards the brainstem and spinal cord then further form a brain herniation (Craft et al., 2015).
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The severity of acute SDH is most likely associated with different haematoma thickness, hemispheric swelling and diffuse swelling. Symptoms will develop after the head injuries including nausea, headache and vomiting (Sawauchi& Abe, 2008).The further stages of subdural haematoma is subacute and chronic, subacute SDH develops slower than acute SDH which takes over two weeks to develop (Craft et al., 2015). Symptoms often start after two weeks and patient may have change in conscious, headache , nausea and vomiting (Craft et al., 2015).Chronic SDH often developed in the elderly and patients who are alcoholism (Pahatouridis et al., 2012). The clinical sign and symptoms can develop after 21 days or over months, patients will experience the increased intracranial pressure which will lead to the compressions of narrowed blood vessels in brain and cause bleeding (Iliescu,
The severity of acute SDH is most likely associated with different haematoma thickness, hemispheric swelling and diffuse swelling. Symptoms will develop after the head injuries including nausea, headache and vomiting (Sawauchi& Abe, 2008).The further stages of subdural haematoma is subacute and chronic, subacute SDH develops slower than acute SDH which takes over two weeks to develop (Craft et al., 2015). Symptoms often start after two weeks and patient may have change in conscious, headache , nausea and vomiting (Craft et al., 2015).Chronic SDH often developed in the elderly and patients who are alcoholism (Pahatouridis et al., 2012). The clinical sign and symptoms can develop after 21 days or over months, patients will experience the increased intracranial pressure which will lead to the compressions of narrowed blood vessels in brain and cause bleeding (Iliescu,