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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Topic 6
Valance Electrons eg. Oxygen has 6 valance electrons |
number of electrons on the outer most ring or shell
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Topic 6
Covalent Bond |
the process in which an atom becomes stable by sharing pairs of electrons
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Topic 6
Ionic Bond |
when atoms bond by either giving or receiving electrons (stealing electrons)
The atom that gave away electrons becomes a positive ion The atom that receives electrons becomes a negative ion The force of attraction between positive and negative ions causes them to stick together. |
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Topic 6
Hydrogen Bonds |
a. the weakest bond.
b. can be broken with heat c. hold proteins together d. can denature a protein i. denature = complete or permanent change of shape |
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Topic 6
Molecular Formula eg. CH(little 4) |
tells how many of each atom there is in each molecule
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Topic 6
Structural Formula |
a picture of a way a molecule is bonded.
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Topic 6
Isomer |
a molecule with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
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Topic 7
Water |
a. water (h20)
i. universal solvent ii. polar a. O2 side is slightly negative b. H2 side is slightly positive iii.forms a net a. cohesion = when like molecules stick together. b. adhesion = when unlike molecules stick together. |
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Topic 7
Dissociation |
when an ionic substance is placed into a polar solvent, such as water, it will break apart into ions.
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Topic 7
Acid ph <7 eg. hydrochloric acid, vinegar, citrus and sulfuric acid |
a solution that contains more H+ ions than OH- ions
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Topic 7
Base ph >7 eg. sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or bleach and detergent |
a solution that contains fewer H+ ions than OH- ions
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Topic 7
Water (ph) |
a solution that contains equal H+ and OH- ions.
It is neutral and ph is 7 |
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Topic 7
Neutralization |
equal proportions of an acid and a base.
antacids can neutralize acids (alkaseltzer, tums, pepto) |
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Topic 8
protein, amino acids structure and why they are important. |
see notebook and pictures.
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Topic 9
Dehydration Synthesis |
The joining or combining of organic molecules by removing water
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Topic 9
Hydrolysis (slice/cut) |
the breaking apart or separating of organic molecules by adding water
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Topic 9
Monosaccharide |
has one saccharide or sugar molecule.
the basic unit of carbs most simple one ring sugar formula C6H12O6 ex. glucose, fructose, dextrose and galctose |
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Topic 9
Disaccharide |
has two saccharide or sugar molecules
two ring sugar C12H22O11 ex. maltose, lactose and sucrose |
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Topic 9
Polysaccharide (starch) |
has more than two (many) saccharide or sugar molecules
many ring sugar hundreds of monosaccharides linked together. function = a form of stored energy structure = a cell membrane animal structure = made of polysaccharides exoskeleton = chitin - insects/horseshoe crabs |
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Topic 9
Glucose (sugar) |
small enough to get into liver cells and bond together to create glycogen with the help of the hormone insulin
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Topic 9
Glucogon |
hormone that will help the glycogen in the liver hydrolyze into glucose when needed for energy
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Topic 10
Carbohydrates |
contain CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Have a 2 to 1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio. they end in ose |
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Topic 10
Plant Structure |
cellulose = cell wall
plants stores starch in their seeds |
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Topic 10
Glycogen |
human starch stored in the liver
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Topic 11
Lipids (fat) |
includes fats, oils and waxes
eg. butter, cream, ice-cream and all oils. Olives, nuts,avocados and meats (good lipids) |
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Topic 11
Functions of Lipids |
- cushions bones
- oil in your skin - create warmth - store energy - ear wax - component of cell membranes - skin (plants - waxy leaves) |
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Topic 11
Chemical Structure of Lipids |
1 Glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids
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