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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of fluid is secreted by the parotid glands? |
Serous |
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Where do the parotid ducts open at? |
The level of the second upper molar tooth |
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What structures lie within the parotid glands? |
Facial nerve External carotid artery Retromandibular vein Parotid lymph nodes |
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What type of fluid is secreted by the submandibular glands? |
Serous and mucous |
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Where do the 2 lobes of the submandibular gland lie? |
Superficial --> mylohyoid muscle Deep --> wraps around posterior edge of the muscle to lie in the floor of the mouth |
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Which 3 important nerves are related to the submandibular gland? |
The hypoglossal nerve, the lingual nerve and the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve |
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What are the common symptoms that arise from disease of the salivary glands? |
- Swelling - Pain - Dryness of mouth (if widespread, less common) - Dry, itchy eyes and swelling of the lacrimal sac |
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Facial nerve palsy due to a parotid swelling raises the suspicion of... |
a malignant lesion |
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What is the most common cause of bilateral parotid gland enlargement? Who does it occur in? What are the usual signs? |
MUMPS (caused by paramyxovirus) Usually occurs in children Signs: systemic upset, swelling and pain (due to stretching of the parotid capsule) |
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Acute parotitis commonly occurs in who? |
Older, debilitated people who may be dehydrated and have poor oral hygiene |
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What are the signs of acute parotitis? |
- Swollen and tender gland - Pus from opening of parotid duct in the mouth - If submandibular gland, tissues of the floor of the mouth may be swollen and oedematous |
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What is the treatment of acute parotitis? |
High-dose antibiotics Rehydration Oral hygiene Citrus mouthwashes to improve saliva flow |
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Chronic sialadenitis: - Symptoms? - Treatment? - Which gland is most affected? |
- Pain and swelling in episodes or transiently after meals - Tx acute episodes with antibiotics, may need surgical excision - Submandibular gland |
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What is sialolithiasis and what condition does it occur in combination with? |
Formation of stones within the salivary glands, in combo with chronic sialadenitis |
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In which salivary gland do calculi often occur? |
Submandibular gland |
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What are the symptoms and signs of sialolithiasis? |
Postprandial swelling and pain in the gland Can palpate calculi if in submandibular duct
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What is the treatment of sialolithiasis? |
Initial: - Oral fluids - Sialogogues - Surgical excision of stone or gland |
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What does TB commonly involve? |
The intraparotid lymph nodes or rarely the gland itself |
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What are the symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome? |
Xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eyes), parotid gland enlargment |
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How is sjogren's syndrome diagnosed and what is the treatment? |
Biopsy of the oral mucosa, symptomatic treatment (steroids for parotid swelling, artificial tear/saliva) |
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How do benign tumours usually present? |
Slow-growing, painless masses No facial/nerve palsy No attatchment to skin |
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Where do pleomorphic adenomas usually arise? and where do they originate from? |
Parotid Intercalated duct reserve cells |
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What investigations are done for pleomorphic adenomas? |
FNAC USS or CT |
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What is the treatment for pleomorphic adenomas? |
Surgical excision (include a cuff of normal parotid tissue around the palpable lump) |
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Where do Warthin's tumours (adenolymphomas, benign) usually occur? And in whom? What is the treatment? |
Tail of the parotid, older men
Can be bilateral!!
Excision |
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What are the symptoms of malignant salivary tumours? |
Rapidly growing swelling Pain Involvement of other structures e.g. facial nerve Local lymph node metastases |
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Where are malignant tumours more common? |
Sublingual and minor salivary glands |
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Where are mucoepidermoid carcinomas usually found and where do they originate from? What is the treatment for mucoepidermoid tumours? What is the cure rate at 15 years for low/high-grade? |
- Parotid gland - Epithelial cells of interlobar and intralobular ducts - Low-grade= excision High-grade= radical resection and radiotherapy - Cure rate at 15 years ~50% for low-grade and 25% for high-grade |
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What is the most common salivary gland malignancy? Where do they originate from? What are its symptoms? |
Adenoid cystic carcinoma Originate from reserve epithelial cells in the intercalated ducts Grows gradually, extensive local spread, infiltration along nerves |
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What is the treatment and prognosis for adenoid cystic carcinoma? |
Radical local excision with radiotherapy Poor long-term prognosis (15 years survival 10-26%) |
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What are the causes of pseudo-salivary swellings? |
- Disease of intragland lymph nodes - Dental/mandibular lesions - Mastoiditis |
