S2 Bsf Exam 3: Male Reproductive Histo

Front 1

What comprises the male reproductive system?

Back 1

Testes
Paired Genital ducts
-efferent ductules
-epididymus
-vas deferens
-ejaculatory duct
Glands (exocrine)
-seminal vesicles
-prostate
-bulbourethral glands of Cowper
Penile Urethra

Front 2

Obj.
General morphology of testes

Back 2

each 4cm long, 3cm wide
Tunica albuginea= dense irregular collagenous CT, surrounds each testes
Mediastinum testis= thickened posterior portion of Tunica albuginea, contains rete testis
^contains lobule subdividisions w/ seminiferous tubules

Front 3

Obj.
Explain relationship btwn stages of spermatozoa differentation & morphology of seminiferous tubule epithelium

Back 3

in one seminiferous tubules will have column of different stages of spermatozoa differentation:
-basal (outermost) layer--> youngest cells
-adluminal (center) compartment--> most mature cell
(^in tubule cross section)

Front 4

Describe the cells of the seminiferous epithelium
(youngest (outermost)-->oldest (innermost))

Back 4

*Site of spermatozoa production (seminiferous tubules)
-type A spermatogonia: small, slightly flattened oval to nucleus, various staining, 2N
-type B spermatogonia: small, pale round nucleus
-primay spermatocytes: largest nucleus, 2N
-secondary spermatocyte: smaller nucleus, 1N (w/ 2N DNA)
-spermatids: initially small & round, attached to sertoli cells, 1N (w/ 1N DNA)
-spermatozoa: larger, consists of acrosome cap, middle & principle flagellum pieces, & no longer attached to sertoli cells, 1N
-residual bodies

Front 5

Obj.
3 stages of spermatogenesis
(spermatogonia-->spermatozoa)

Back 5

I - Spermatocytogenesis (2N -> 2N)
spermatogonia --(mitosis)-> primary spermatocyte

II - Meiosis (2N -> N)
primary --(meiosis 1)--> secondary spermatocytes --(meiosis 2)--> spermatids

III - Spermiogenesis (N -> N)
spermatids --> spermatozoa

Front 6

Obj.
What are the different types of Spermatogonia involved in spermatogenesis (stage 1)?

Back 6

1. Dark type A spermatogonia = reserve stem cells -> multiply via mitosis. Can become...-->
2. Pale type A spermatogonia - no light staining vacuole. Can become... -->
3. Type B spermatogonia --> Can become primary spermatocytes
4. primary spermatocyte (largest cell)

Front 7

Which stage of spermatogenesis does NOT involve cell division?

Back 7

stage 3 (Spermiogenesis)
spermatid---> spermatozoa

Front 8

Where does stage 1 (spermatocytogenesis) of spermatogenesis begin?
Where does it end?

Back 8

begin:
type A spermatogonia are adjacent to the basal lamina--mitosis--> type B spermatogonia--mitosis--> primary spermatocytes
end:
primary spermatocytes migrate from the basal compartment toward the adluminal compartment (w/i seminiferous tubule)

Front 9

Obj
What are sertoli cells? What do they do?

Back 9

Sertoli cells are somatic cells W/I seminiferous tubule epithelium
Fxns:
-have FSH receptors
-(FSH stimulates) secrete Androgen-binding protein (concentrates testosterone)
-Make up the Blood-Testis barrier

Front 10

Histology of sertoli cells

Back 10

tall columnar cells
basally-located, pale, oval/traingular nucleus
DISTINCT nucleolus

Front 11

What is the blood-testis barrier?
What are the 2 compartments?

Back 11

-formed by tight junctions btwn sertoli cells

basal compartment: btwn basal laminal & sertoli cells, contains spermatogonia

adluminal compartment: btwn sertolia cell & semeniferous tubule lumen, contains spermatocytes, spermatids, & spermatozoa

Front 12

Obj
What are Interstitial Leydig cells?

Back 12

endocrine cells w/i interstitial CT (OUTSIDE seminferous tubule)
Fxns:
-secrete testosterone
-LH receptors (LH from ant pituitary stimulates T secretion)

Front 13

Histology of Leydig cells

Back 13

occur in small clusters
round nucleus

Front 14

Describe the path of sperm in the testes (genital ducts)

Back 14

Seminiferous Tubules (basal-->lumen) ->
Tubuli Recti (short straight tubule) -->
Rete testeis in mediastinum testes -->
efferent ductules -->
epididymis (head, body, tail(short storage) -->
vas deferens -->
Urethra

Front 15

Obj,
Histology of rete testes

Back 15

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 16

Obj
Describe the cells of the efferent ductule

Back 16

ciliated columnar cells: assists immotile spermatozoa to the epididymis.

cuboidal (nonciliated) cells: reabsorb some of the testicular fluid.

Front 17

Obj
Describe the epithelium of epididymus, and its functions.

Back 17

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with:
Basal cellls--> stem cells
^small, short triangular shaped cells (basal lamina)

Principle cells--> fluid reabsorption, phagoctysosis, glycerophosphocholine (inhibits capacitaion) production
^stereocilia (branched microvilI) on apical surface

loose CT outside epithelium
circular smooth muscle around CT

Front 18

Obj
Describe the tissue of the vas deferens?

Back 18

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ sterocilia, 3 smooth muscle layers

end regions:
ampulla (dilation near prostate)- thick folded epithelium

ejaculatory duct (through prostate)- simple columnar

Front 19

Obj.
Describe histology & secretions of the seminal vesicle.
(accessory gland)

Back 19

*paired, coiled, psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Fructose rich secretions= energy source

Front 20

Obj
Describe the histology & secretions of the prostate?
(accessory gland)

Back 20

*largest gland, multiple extensive tubuloalveolar glands, psuedostratified columnar epithelium
(denseirregular CT capsule, w/ smooth muscle surrounds gland)

Secretions contain: Fibrinolysin - liquefy semen

Front 21

Obj.
Describe the histology & secretions of the bulbourethral gland
(accessory gland)

Back 21

*paired at base of penis, compound tubulo-alveolar, height varies based on T levels

Secretion: Viscous, lubricates penile urethra
*secretes prior to ejaculation

Mucus-like cuiboidal cells secrete substance rich in galactose and sialic acid
(increase in testosterone = increase in cell height)

Front 22

Urethral glands (glands of Littre)

Back 22

mucous secretion, lubricates & protects urethra from urine

Front 23

Obj.
Describe the histology of the penile erectile tissue

Back 23

3 columns= 2 corpus cavernosum +
1 corpus spongiosum:
-penile urethra passes through
-stratified columnar to stratified squamous nonkeratinized

*both surrounded by own tunica albuginea