S2 Anatomy Exam 3: Eyeball

Front 1

Obj.
Coats (walls) of the Eye

Back 1

(outer--> inner)
fibrous layer
vascular layer
neural layer

Front 2

Sclera (white of eye), cornea (transparent), & corneoscleral junction (limbus)

what layer?

Back 2

fibrous layer

Front 3

choroid, ciliary body, iris, & pupil

what layer?

Back 3

vascular layer (uvea)

Front 4

retina

what layer?

Back 4

neural layer

Front 5

Obj
Formation of the aqueous humor

Back 5

secreted by the ciliary processes into the posterior chamber

-flows around iris & through pupil to anterior chamber

Front 6

Obj.
Drainage of the aqueous humor

Back 6

drains to trabecular meshwork (in iridocorneal jxn) (through space of fontana) into-->
Schlemm's canal-->
then to scleral venous system

Front 7

Obj.
Intrinsic eye muscles

Back 7

sphincter pupillae (iris)
parasympathetic (short cililary N)--> pupillary constriction

ciliary muscles (ciliary body)
parasympathetic--> thickening of lens for near vision (accomodation)

dilator pupillae muscle (iris)
sympathetic (short & long ciliary Ns)--> pupillary dilation

superior tarsal muscle
sympathetic--> keeps eyelids open

Front 8

Obj.
Nerve supply of eye

Back 8

Intrinsic eye muscles are supplied by short ciliary nerve branches
(from Nasocilliary nerve from opthalamic (V1))

(occulomotor (GVE/parasympathetic)-->ciliary ganglion-->short ciliary N)

(GVE/sympathetic--superior cervical ganglion --> short & long cilliary Ns)

(opthalamic (GSA)-->ciliary ganglian)

Front 9

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers come from ____________ ganglion & enter the eye via the ___________________

What 2 nerves do they travel in to reach eyeball?

Back 9

superior cervical ganglion

superior orbital fissure

short & long cilliary nerves (to dilator pupillae & superior tarsal muscles)

Front 10

What nerve sends sympathetic fibers to the iris & sensory (GSA) to cornea (corneal reflex)?

Back 10

long ciliary nerves
(branch from nasocilliary/opthalamic)

Front 11

Obj.
Retina consists of:

Back 11

outer pigmented layer
inner neural layers of rods (R) and cones (C)
bipolar cells
retinal ganglion cells
optic disc

Front 12

Differentiate btwn photoreceptor cells (rods & cones)

Back 12

rods- for night vision

cones- for color vision

Front 13

The highest concentration of cones is in the __________, a small pit in the __________, lateral to optic disc

Back 13

fovea (most acute vision)

macular lutea

Front 14

Blood supply to the retina

Back 14

central retinal artery

Front 15

Obj.
Optic nerve is formed where?

Back 15

formed at the optic disc w/i retina from axons of retinal ganglion

Front 16

Optic nerve:
Light stimulates retinal phoreceptors-->
Retinal ganglion axons synapse in _________-->
bilateral innervation of ____________-->

Back 16

pretectal nucleus

Edinger-Westphal nucleus
(cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers)

Front 17

Edinger-Westphal nucleus sends fibers where?

Back 17

occulomotor nerve
ciliary ganglion
short ciliary nerves
sphincter pupillae muscle (-->pupilloconstriction)

Front 18

Obj.
Diff btwn Corneal & Pupillary light reflex

Back 18

corneal= bilateral blink response when cornea is touched from one side w/ cotton (consensual reflex)

pupillary light= light stimulates pupilloconstriction

Front 19

Obj.
Corneal reflex
motor & sensory components

Back 19

afferent/sensory: opthalamic division of CN V

efferent/motor: CN VII (facial)

Front 20

Obj.
Pupillary light reflex
motor & sensory components

Back 20

afferent/sensory: optic nerve

efferent/motor: occulomotor nerve

Front 21

Obj.
Blepharoptosis (Ptosis), or dropping of the eyelid can be caused by paralysis of 2 diff muscles, what are they?

Back 21

levator palpebrae superioris muscle

superior tarsal muscle

Front 22

Paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle is due to ____________

Back 22

Myasthenia Gravis or Occulomotor nerve damage

Front 23

Paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle (which helps raise the eyelid) is due to ___________________

Back 23

sympathetic nerve damage--> Horner Syndrome

Front 24

increased intraocular pressure
loss of peripheral vision
optic neuropathy = optic nerve damage--> cupping

would indicate what?

Back 24

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)

Front 25

initial damage to RPE-->
loss of photoreceptors (cones)--> loss of central vision
retinal neovascularization--> retinal detachment

would indicate what?

Back 25

age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Front 26

Interruption of the sympathetic pathway to the eye is known as ______________

what does this lead to (S & S)?

Back 26

Horner's syndrome


Ptosis (drooping), miosis (constriction), anhidrosis (decreased sweating), enopthalmos (sunken eyeball due to orbitalis muscle paralysis)