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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is perfusion? |
The movement of blood by the cardiovascular system into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. |
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What is diffusion? |
The movement of gases between air spaces in the lungs and the blood stream. This process follows all gas laws (high pressure to low pressure). |
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What is ventilation? |
The mechanical movement of gas or air in and out of the lungs. |
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What is respiration? |
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism. This exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. |
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What are the most likely causes of aspiration? |
Impairment of normal swallowing or cough reflexes due to an issue with the CNS. |
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Which lung is more susceptible to aspiration? |
The right lung, particularly the lower lobe due to the branching angle. The right lung branching angle is more straight then the left lung. |
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What is the trachea? |
A long tube supported by U-shape cartilage that connects the larynx to the bronchi and is responsible for airway conduction to the lungs. |
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What are segmental bronchi? |
The area where the trachea divides and leads to the bronchioles. |
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What is the alveolocapillary membrane? |
They are found in the shared alveolar and capillary walls. They are ideal for oxygen diffusion because of its large surface area and thin composition. This is the location where gas exchange occurs. |
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What is the main bronchus? |
Where the right and left bronchi enter the lungs, separated by the hilum, they branch further inside the lungs. |
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What are normal PACO2 levels? |
35-45 mm/hg |
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Where do stretch receptors send afferent impulses to? |
They are sent to the medulla, specifically the dorsal respiratory group in the dorsomedial region of the medulla, via the vagus nerve. |
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How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood? |
Carbon dioxide moves inside the red blood cell where it combines with water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic then dissociates with hydrogen to form bicarbonate which then moves into the blood plasma. |
