S17 N124 Exam 3

Front 1

What are the symptoms of the inflammatory process?

Back 1

Redness, swelling, pain, and warmth.

Front 2

What is the maximum dose of ibuprofen you can give?

Back 2

PO; 400-800mg tid-qid (max: 3200 mg/day)

Front 3

What are adverse effects to ibuprofen?

Back 3

Nausea, heartburn, epigastric pain, and dizziness. Chronic use may lead to renal impairment.

Front 4

What does the black box warning for ibuprofen state?

Back 4

May increase the risk of serious thrombitic events, MI, and stroke. May cause GI bleeding, which may occur more frequently in adults.

Front 5

What is the definition of a fever?

Back 5

Any temperature over 100 F.

Front 6

Who should not take ibuprofen?

Back 6

Patients with active peptic ulcers, renal or hepatic impairment, nasal polyps, angioedema, or bronchospasm.

Front 7

What are some important patient factors to consider when prescribing antibiotics?

Back 7

Look at the patients past medical history, ask if they are pregnant or nursing, assess their kidney and liver function.

Front 8

What are NSAIDs?

Back 8

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Front 9

What are antipyretics?

Back 9

Drugs that are used to treat fevers. The drug acts directly on the hypothalamus and also causes dilation of the blood vessels which enables sweating and dissipation of heat.

Front 10

How do NSAIDs work?

Back 10

They act by inhibiting the synthesis of prosta-glandins via the inhibition of the COX enzyme.

Front 11

What are side effects of ibuprofen?

Back 11

The most common side effects are nausea and vomiting. GI bleeding, bleeding, Decreased platelet aggregation, increases gastric production (ulcers), hepatotoxicity, renal impairment, MI,
stroke.

Front 12

Which drugs are used to treat inflammation?

Back 12

Corticosteroids.

Front 13

How do corticosteroids work?

Back 13

They inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, and also have the ability to suppress the release of histamine. These drugs also inhibit the functions of phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Front 14

What can long term corticosteroid therapy cause?

Back 14

Cushing's syndrome (moon face).

Front 15

What three factors define bacteria?

Back 15

Cell wall (gram positive or negative), shape (cocci, rod, spirilla), and oxygen intake (aerobic or anaerobic).

Front 16

What are the five principles recommended by the CDC?

Back 16

1) Prevent infection (easier then stopping)

2) Use the right drug for the infection (culture)

3) Use antibiotics only when medically necessary

4) Use antibiotics for full length prescribed

5) Infection control procedures (hand hygiene)

Front 17

What are host factors that should be considered when prescribing an antibiotic?

Back 17

Age, pregnancy status, and genetics.

Front 18

What do you do when someone tells you they have an allergy to a drug?

Back 18

Withhold the drug and avoid any drugs in that same chemical class.

Front 19

What cautions should be taken when someone is prescribed fluoroquinolines (Cipro)?

Back 19

This antibiotic has been associated with cartilage toxicity and with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly in the Achilles tendon.

Front 20

If a patient has come in due to a throat infections, which laboratory test should be used?

Back 20

Throat swab for culture and sensitivity testing.

Front 21

Which tests are used to monitor the progress of pharmacotherapy for HIV?

Back 21

CD4 T-cell count and HIV RNA plasma measurement.

Front 22

When should cough medications be given?

Back 22

When the cough is dry, having, or non productive. In situations where it is interfering with the patient's rest.

Front 23

What are diphenhydramine's (Benadryl) adverse effects?

Back 23

This drug is a first gen H1-receptor antagonist so it causes significant drowsiness that will diminish with long-term use. May cause photosensitivity in some rare cases.

Front 24

What is asthma?

Back 24

A disease characterized by acute bronchospasm. intense breathlessness, coughing, and gasping for air. The actions of the acute inflammatory response stimulates histamine secretion worsening the symptoms by increasing mucus and edema in the airways.

Front 25

What questions should be asked when a patient comes into the hospital with asthma?

Back 25

Assess for any recent changes in diet, soaps including laundry detergent or softener, cosmetics, lotions, environment, or recent carpet cleaning (particularly in young children) that may correlate with onset of symptoms.

Front 26

What is an anticholinergic drug?

Back 26

Drugs like Atrovent that are commonly used in the treatment of COPD. They are used in patients who cannot tolerate beta 2 adrenergic agonists. These drugs work by blocking the parasympathetic nervous system. These drugs have a slower onset and produces less intense bronchodilation.

Front 27

What is a leukotriene modifier?

Back 27

Drugs like Accolate. This drug has an onset of 1 week and should never be used in an emergency. It is only taken via PO and works by stopping the release of leukotrienes. Its used in management of persistent asthma that cannot be controlled with inhaled corticosteroids or short-acting beta agonists.

Front 28

What is a methylxanthine?

Back 28

Drugs like Theo-Dur that are chemically related to caffeine. It is given by PO or IV route and is currently used primarily for the long-term oral prophylaxis of asthma that is unresponsive to beta agonists or inhaled corticosteroids. These drugs can cause nervous insomnia and have a narrow safety margin. These types of drugs have significant interactions with other drugs.

Front 29

What is a pro to using an inhaler?

Back 29

It delivers pulmonary drugs to their immediate site of action and reduces the chances of systemic side effects.

Front 30

What are triggers for asthma?

Back 30

Tobacco, smoke, pollen, dander, exercise, stress, anxiety.

Front 31

Which drugs are rescue meds for asthma?

Back 31

Short acting beta agonists such as Albuterol. Atrovent also works if the person cannot take a beta agonists, but it works at a slower rate.

Front 32

What is PUD?

Back 32

Peptic ulcer disease.

Front 33

What is the primary cause of PUD?

Back 33

Infection by the gram negative bacterium H. Pylori.

Front 34

What is the best therapy for PUD?

Back 34

-Change your lifestyle (avoid triggers)

-Begin an antibiotic regimen (Omeprazole, clarithromycin (Biaxin), and amoxicillin (Amoxil)

-Take an H2 antagonist (Zantac)

-or PPI (Prilosec)

Front 35

What is the main goal when treating nausea?

Back 35

Focus on the removal of the cause and realize it is not a disease, but a condition caused by something else.

Front 36

How do stool softeners work?

Back 36

They pull water and fat into the colon.