Rt 102 Quiz 4

Front 1

What expresses the ratio of absorbed dose of a standard radiation to produce an effect to that of any given kind of radiation?

Back 1

Relative Biological Effectivenss,

Front 2

What is the absorbed dose of an x-ray?

Back 2

200 KeV

Front 3

How tall must a Primary Barrier be?

Back 3

7 ft

Front 4

What is the occupational exposure in a controlled area?

Back 4

1 REM

Front 5

What is the occupational exposure in an uncontrolled area?

Back 5

.5 REM

Front 6

When must the audible timer be reset for fluoroscopy procedures?

Back 6

after 5 minutes

Front 7

What is the term used to describe the measurement related to the absorbed dose of radiation?

Back 7

rad

Front 8

What is the unit of absorbed energy or dose applicable to any material?

Back 8

rad

Front 9

Fill in the Blank: A rad is equal to BLANK ergs of energy absorbed in 1 gram of absorbing material.

Back 9

100

Front 10

Fill in the Blank: A rad is equal to 100 BLANK of energy absorbed in 1 gram of absorbing material.

Back 10

ergs

Front 11

Fill in the Blank: A rad is equal to 100 ergs of energy absorbed in BLANK gram(s) of absorbing material.

Back 11

1

Front 12

What is the minimum amount of lead required for lead aprons used in surgery procedures?

Back 12

0.5 mm

Front 13

What is the unit of absorbed dose?

Back 13

RAD

Front 14

What is a measure of the ability of a radiation to ionize air?

Back 14

Roentgen

Front 15

age in years x 1rem=

Back 15

LDE

Front 16

What is the fetal monthly dose limit?

Back 16

50 mrem

Front 17

What is the annual Dose tolerance for a pregnant technologist for the entire gestation?

Back 17

500 mrem

Front 18

What is the annual Dose tolerance for Occupational Technologist for the whole body?

Back 18

5000 mrem/year

Front 19

What is the annual Dose tolerance for Occupational Technologist for the lens of the eye?

Back 19

15,000 mrem/year

Front 20

What is the sum of inherent and added filtration.

Back 20

total filtration

Front 21

What describes the chemical combining characteristic of an element and is determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell?

Back 21

valence

Front 22

What does ALARA stand for?

Back 22

as low as reasonably achievable

Front 23

The amount of radiation dose that causes human skin to become red which can vary from person to person based on the type of skin, radiation quality, field size, etc.

Back 23

SED

Front 24

The amount of absorbing material that will reduce the intensity of the primary beam to one half its original value.

Back 24

half-value layer

Front 25

1Rad=_________Gy

Back 25

0.01

Front 26

1 Sievert = ____ rem

Back 26

100

Front 27

1 rem= _______ Sv

Back 27

0.01

Front 28

What theory postulates that half of the population will die within a month after receiving a lethal dose of radiation?

Back 28

LD 50/30

Front 29

What is the chemical symbol for lead?

Back 29

Pb

Front 30

What refers to the statistical chance or probability that a particular effect will occur?

Back 30

stochastic effect

Front 31

What are the three categories that comprise external sources of background radiation?

Back 31

cosmic rays, naturally radioactive materials within the earth and radionuclides produced by interaction of cosmic rays with nuclides in the Earth’s atmosphere

Front 32

What is another term for ‘environmental radiation’?

Back 32

natural background radiation

Front 33

What does NIRL stand for?

Back 33

Negative Individual Risk Level

Front 34

What does ALARA stand for?

Back 34

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Front 35

What refers to an effect that increases in severity with increasing absorbed dose?

Back 35

nonstochastic effect

Front 36

Does the term ‘certainty effect’ refer to a stochastic or nonstochastic effect?

Back 36

nonstochastic effect

Front 37

Do stochastic effects have threshold doses?

Back 37

no

Front 38

Do nonstochastic effects have threshold doses?

Back 38

yes

Front 39

How is dose equivalent derived?

Back 39

by multiplying the absorbed dose of a given type of radiation by its relevant quality factor

Front 40

What is the SI unit of dose equivalent H?

Back 40

sievert (Sv)

Front 41

Identify the following statement: the x-ray output or exposure rate at a given distance from a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

Back 41

inverse square law

Front 42

1 sievert = _____ rem

Back 42

100

Front 43

1 gray = _____ rad

Back 43

100

Front 44

1 centisievert = _____ rem

Back 44

1

Front 45

1 centigray = _____ rad

Back 45

1

Front 46

What SI unit does the symbol Sv stand for and what is its conventional unit equivalent?

Back 46

sievert / rem

Front 47

What SI unit does the symbol Gy stand for and what is its conventional unit equivalent?

Back 47

gray / rad

Front 48

What is the arbitrarily assigned quality factor value for thermal neutrons?

Back 48

5

Front 49

What is the arbitrarily assigned quality factor value of x, gamma and beta radiation?

Back 49

1

Front 50

What is the arbitrarily assigned quality factor value of neutrons (other than thermal), protons, alpha particles, and multiple-charged particles?

Back 50

20

Front 51

What are the three equations that state how dose equivalent H is derived?

Back 51

H = absorbed dose x Q, rem = rad x Q, cSv = cGy x Q

Front 52

What is the SI unit of dose equivalent H?

Back 52

the sievert (Sv) = 100 cSv (centisievert)

Front 53

What is radiation that passes through the tube aperture and the beam-limiting device?

Back 53

useful beam (previously called the primary beam)

Front 54

What is radiation that passes through the tube housing other than the useful beam?

Back 54

leakage radiation

Front 55

What is radiation that has undergone a change in direction during passage through matter?

Back 55

scattered radiation

Front 56

What is the sum of scattered radiation and leakage radiation?

Back 56

stray radiation

Front 57

Which type of wall barrier has an atomic number and thickness sufficient to reduce the exposure rate of stray radiation?

Back 57

secondary protective barrier

Front 58

Which type of wall barrier has an atomic number and thickness sufficient to reduce the exposure rate of the useful beam?

Back 58

primary protective barrier

Front 59

What are the underlying concepts used in determining risk assessment from radiation exposure?

Back 59

RBE and QF

Front 60

What is the amount of energy deposited per unit length of path by an ionizing radiation?

Back 60

Linear Energy Transfer

Front 61

Specific ionization x average energy to produce an ion pair =

Back 61

LET

Front 62

Ion pair, per micrometer =

Back 62

specific ionization

Front 63

Speaking of Annual Public Exposure, what is the Effective Dose Limit for infrequent exposure?

Back 63

0.5 Rem (5 mSv)

Front 64

Speaking of Annual Public Exposure, what is the Effective Dose Limit for continuous, infrequent exposure?

Back 64

0.1 Rem (1 mSv)

Front 65

_____ Rem = 500 mSv

Back 65

50

Front 66

Which part(s) of the body experience(s) nonstochastic effects at 15 Rem?

Back 66

lens of the eye

Front 67

Which part(s) of the body experience(s) nonstochastic effects at 50 Rem?

Back 67

all other organs: red marrow, breast, lung, gonads, skin and limbs

Front 68

15 Rem = _____ mSv

Back 68

150

Front 69

Uniform irradiation of the whole body =

Back 69

Hwb

Front 70

What expresses the risk of radiation injury from all kinds of radiation on a common scale for protection purposes?

Back 70

dose equivalent H

Front 71

Are cataracts to the lens of the eye and decreased blood and sperm counts examples of stochastic or nonstochastic effects?

Back 71

nonstochastic

Front 72

Are leukemia, solid cancer and mutations examples of stochastic or nonstochastic effects?

Back 72

stochastic

Front 73

What is a radiation dose limit designed to establish?

Back 73

an upper limit of absorbed dose of radiation for personnel and the general population for deleterious effects

Front 74

What is the definition of 'deleterious'?

Back 74

harmful, often in a subtle or unexpected way

Front 75

Can background or natural environmental radiation be controlled?

Back 75

no

Front 76

In the formula DE = D x Q x N, what does the N stand for?

Back 76

modifying factors

Front 77

In the formula DE = D x Q x N, what does the D stand for?

Back 77

absorbed dose

Front 78

In the formula DE = D x Q x N, what does the Q stand for?

Back 78

quality factor

Front 79

How can dose equivalent be expressed mathematically?

Back 79

DE = D x Q x N

Front 80

What is defined as the product of the absorbed dose (D) and the quality factor (Q) and any other modifying factor (N)?

Back 80

dose equivalent

Front 81

What is the term describing an internal dose to each irradiated organ and/or tissue taken by an individual during the 50 year period following the intake of radioactive material?

Back 81

Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE)

Front 82

What is the term describing external whole body exposure at a tissue depth of 1 cm?

Back 82

Deep Dose Equivalent (DDE)

Front 83

What does CEDE stand for?

Back 83

Committed Effective Dose Equivalent

Front 84

What does DDE stand for?

Back 84

Deep Dose Equivalent

Front 85

What does TEDE stand for?

Back 85

Total Effective Dose Equivalent

Front 86

What provides a realistic assessment of stochastic risk by assigning a weighting factor to the individual organs?

Back 86

effective dose equivalent (He)

Front 87

What does 'He' stand for?

Back 87

effective dose equivalent

Front 88

What does Hwb stand for?

Back 88

whole body dose

Front 89

In which units are dose equivalent limits measured?

Back 89

Rem / sievert

Front 90

Speaking of Annual Public Exposure, what is the dose equivalent limit for an embryo or fetus in any given month?

Back 90

0.05 Rem (0.5 mSv)

Front 91

Speaking of Annual Public Exposure, what is the total dose equivalent limit for an embryo or fetus?

Back 91

0.5 Rem (5 mSv) for 9 months

Front 92

Speaking of Annual Public Exposure, what is the effective dose equivalent limit for the lens of the eye, skin and limbs?

Back 92

5 Rem (50 mSv)

Front 93

0.1 Rem = _____ mSv

Back 93

1

Front 94

_____ Rem = 5 mSv

Back 94

0.5

Front 95

5 Rem = _____ mSv

Back 95

50