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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid
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minerals
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rocks formed by heat and pressure
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metamorphic rock
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rocks created by rock, sand, and sediment being pressed together
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sedimentary rock
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rocks formed by magma or lava
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igneous
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rocks that form from magma cooling at or near the Earth's surface
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extrusive igneous
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rocks that form when magma cools deep within the Earth
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intrusive igneous
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substance composed of sand, clay, silt, and gravel
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soil
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the perfect soil for growing things, made of equal parts sand and silt with a small amount of clay
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loam
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makes soil heavy and dense
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clay
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soil component that is light and gritty and erodes easily
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silt
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coarse component of soil that allows air into the soil, but does not hold water
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sand
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sedimentary rock formed by decomposing plants and animals
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biologic sedimentary rock
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sedimentary rock formed by chemical precipitation which include stalagmites and stalactites
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chemical sedimentary rock
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sedimentary rock formed by pieces of rock and sediment compacted and cemented together
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clastic sedimentary rock
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metamorphic rock that forms in long, flat sheets due to pressure
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foliated metamorphic rock
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metamorphic rock that does not form in sheets because pressure can't align the grains, but heat can change the mineral structure
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non-foliated metamorphic rock
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geometric solid that forms in a definite repeating pattern
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crystal
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rock or mineral used for jewelry or for decoration, it is rare, beautiful, and durable
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gemstone
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a hollow, rounded rock that is often filled with crystals
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geode
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physical tint of a mineral seen by the naked eye
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color
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colored line of powder left by rubbing a mineral across a tile
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streak
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how the surface of a mineral reflects light
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luster
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how easily a mineral can be scratched by another mineral
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hardness
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how well light passes through a mineral
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transparency
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used to determine how hard or soft a mineral is compared with Talc at the softest and Diamond as the hardest
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Mohs' Scale
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the planes of weakness a mineral breaks along when hit with a hammer
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cleavage
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type of break when a mineral does not cleave
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fracture
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the density of a mineral
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specific gravity
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one of six shapes in which crystals grow
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crystal form
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part of soil formed by decomposing plants
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humus
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