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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 3 big groups of rocks?
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Metamorphic, Igneous and Sedimentary
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How do Igneous rocks form?
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From the cooling of magma and lava
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How do Metamorphic rocks form?
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From changes in heat or pressure
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________ Rocks are formed on the Earth's surface from lava
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Extrusive
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What is an example of Extrusive rocks?
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Basalt
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________ Rocks are formed when magma hardens beneath the surface
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Intrusive
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What is an example of Intrusive rocks?
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Granite
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What characteristic do Igneous rocks NOT have?
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Crystal Structure
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What type of rock is formed from pieces of plants and animals?
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Sediments
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How are Sedimentary rocks formed?
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Through a sequence of: Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction and Cementation
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What is Weathering?
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The effect of freezing and thawing on rocks
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What is Erosion?
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The process by which running water, wind or ice carry away bits of broken-up rocks
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The process that presses Sediments together is ___________.
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Compaction
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What is Cementation?
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The process where dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of Sediment together
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What are the 3 major groups of Sedimentary rocks?
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Clastic, Organic and Chemical
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How are Clastic rocks formed?
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When rock fragments are squeezed together
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What is an example of a Clastic rock?
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Shale, Sandstone, Conglomerate and Breccia
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How are Organic rocks formed?
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When the remains of plants and animals are deposited in layers
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What is an example of Organic rock?
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Coal and Limestone
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How are Chemical rocks formed?
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When minerals dissolve in a water solution and crystallize
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What is an example of Chemical rocks?
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Rock Salt, Limestone made from precipitated calcite
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How does a rock change when heat and pressure are applied?
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Changes shape and composition
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Any rock that forms from another rock as a result of chnges in heat or pressure is a _____________ rock.
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Metamorphic
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How do Geologists classify Metamorphic rocks?
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According to the arrangement of the grains making up the rocks
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Metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged either in parallel layer or bands are said to be ___________.
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Foliated
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What does "foliated" describe?
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The thin, flat layering found in most Metamorphic rocks
Example: Gneiss is formed from Granite, and Slate froms from Shale |
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What does it mean if a Metamorphic rock is called nonfoliated?
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The mineral grains in these rocks are arranged randomly
Example: Marble and Quartzite |