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27 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What are the 3 big groups of rocks?
Metamorphic, Igneous and Sedimentary
How do Igneous rocks form?
From the cooling of magma and lava
How do Metamorphic rocks form?
From changes in heat or pressure
________ Rocks are formed on the Earth's surface from lava
Extrusive
What is an example of Extrusive rocks?
Basalt
________ Rocks are formed when magma hardens beneath the surface
Intrusive
What is an example of Intrusive rocks?
Granite
What characteristic do Igneous rocks NOT have?
Crystal Structure
What type of rock is formed from pieces of plants and animals?
Sediments
How are Sedimentary rocks formed?
Through a sequence of: Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction and Cementation
What is Weathering?
The effect of freezing and thawing on rocks
What is Erosion?
The process by which running water, wind or ice carry away bits of broken-up rocks
The process that presses Sediments together is ___________.
Compaction
What is Cementation?
The process where dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of Sediment together
What are the 3 major groups of Sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, Organic and Chemical
How are Clastic rocks formed?
When rock fragments are squeezed together
What is an example of a Clastic rock?
Shale, Sandstone, Conglomerate and Breccia
How are Organic rocks formed?
When the remains of plants and animals are deposited in layers
What is an example of Organic rock?
Coal and Limestone
How are Chemical rocks formed?
When minerals dissolve in a water solution and crystallize
What is an example of Chemical rocks?
Rock Salt, Limestone made from precipitated calcite
How does a rock change when heat and pressure are applied?
Changes shape and composition
Any rock that forms from another rock as a result of chnges in heat or pressure is a _____________ rock.
Metamorphic
How do Geologists classify Metamorphic rocks?
According to the arrangement of the grains making up the rocks
Metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged either in parallel layer or bands are said to be ___________.
Foliated
What does "foliated" describe?
The thin, flat layering found in most Metamorphic rocks

Example: Gneiss is formed from Granite, and Slate froms from Shale
What does it mean if a Metamorphic rock is called nonfoliated?
The mineral grains in these rocks are arranged randomly

Example: Marble and Quartzite