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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RNA Genomes:
+ dsRNA - |
+ RNA can be used immedietly for translation
dsRNA-have to be made into + first then also must carry own polymerase - must be converted to +, carry own polymerase |
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Retrovirsues replication
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ssRNA--> dsDNA vis REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, Viral DNA incorporated into cellular genome via INTEGRASE.
Viral RNA then produced by cellular transcription machinery and then translated into proteins |
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Generation of Diversity/Quasispecies(meaning)
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No proof-reading = lots of diversity and fast adaption to environement and development of drug/vaccine resistant mutations
RNApoly-1/ 10^5, 1 mut/ 10 genomes Reverse Trans- 1/1700 Diverse species = quasispecies |
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Single Stranded + RNA
Viruses |
Picorna
Noro Flavi toga Corona |
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Single stranded - RNA
viruses |
Paramyxo
Rhadbdo Orthomyxo Arena Filo Bunya |
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Single stranded-RNA/DNA
- needs? example? |
Need DNA intermediate
Retro HIV |
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2x Stranded RNA virus?
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Reo(rotavirus)
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Replication of + RNA viruse
steps? |
RNA translated --> RNA Polymerase
RNA polymerase generates complentary minu-RNA strand using + RNA strand as a template Minus RNA strand use to synthesize additional positve strand molecules + strand + proteins --> viral particles |
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+ enveloped RNA virus
+ naked RNA virus |
Toga, Flavi,Corona
Picorna, Noro |
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Picornaviruses
causes? envelope? protein syn? |
-Polio
-nonenveloped -uses IRES instead of 5' cap to bind to ribosome |
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types of Picornaviruses
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Entero: major cause for non-bacterial meningitis
Rhino- 50% common colds Haparnavirus: Hep A virus-hepatitis |
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types of Picorn-Enteroviruses
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1. Polivirus
2. Coxsackie A 3. Coxsackie B 5. Enterovirus 71 |
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Pico:Entero: Coxsackie A Virus
manifestations |
hand-foot-mouth disease
herpangina |
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Noroviruses
enveloped/non? +/- RNA gneome? Transmitted via? Manifestation? targets who? |
nonenveloped
+ RNA Fecal-Oral Gastroenteritis, adults |
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Togovirus/Flavivirus
Enveloped? +/- transmitted how? naturual host? symptomatic? can it be transmitted by people? manifestation? |
Enveloped
+ RNA Arbovirus- arthropod borne, transmitted from blood sucking arthropods vertebrates, non symptomatic cannot be transmitted via ppl 2 ppl as don't replicate as efficiently in humans Yellow/Dengue Fever Hemorrhagic Fever Togovirus: Encephalitis not |
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Coronaviruses
enveloped? RNA genome? Human coronaviruses are responsible for? |
enveloped
+ RNA 1/3 common cold SARS |
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+ Noneveloped Viruses
manifestations |
Picornavirus:IRES
Norovirus:gastroenteritis |
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+ Evenloped Virsues
manifestations |
togavirus/Flavivirus
-arboviruses WNV, EV YFV -HCV Rubella coronavirus -common cold, SARS |
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Replication of - RNA viruses
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1. Viral Genome used as a template to generate complement positive strang with viral RNA polymerase(packaged in viral particles)
2. Positive stranded RNA serves template for synthesis of RNA negative strand and viral proteins/particles |
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Paramyxoviruses
Envelope? forms? |
Envelope
Fusion Protein-syncytia |
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Paramyxoviruses: local respiratory disease(cold-like symptoms):
and manifestations |
Respiratory syncytial virus: bronchiolitis/pneumonia
Parainfluenza Virus: bronchiolitis/pneumonia Croup |
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Paramyxoviruses:systemic diseases:
and manifestations and vaccine |
Measles virus: penumonia, encephalitis, Koplik's spot rash
Mumps virus: Parotitis Vaccines for all: MMR |
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MMR vaccine for?
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Measles, Mumps, Rubella
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Mumps causes?
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parotitis, painful swelling of salivary gland
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Rhabdoviruses
causes? by? timeline for rabies? where does travel to? why is it rarely deadly? manifestations? |
Rabies via animal bites
Takes weeks for infection to travel to the brain, thus usually giving sufficient time for the host to develop antibodies Coma/Death encephalitis hydrophobia neural degeneration |
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Bat Rabies
contracted via? but principle host for rabies is? postexposure treatment? |
small bat bites, aerosols
dogs anti-rabies Ab+ rabies vaccine |
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Filovirus
morphology? viruses? causes? contracted by? |
thread-like
Ebola Virus, Marburg Virus Deadly hemorrhagic fever Contact with infected monkey/humans or their tissue, secretions or bodily fluids |
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Segmented - RNA virus
transmitted by? causes? |
Arenavirus: rodents. Lassa fever LCMV
bunyavirus mosquitoes and rodents, Hantavirus Orthromyxovirus humans, bigs/pigs, Influenza |
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Segmented RNA viruses are able to generate diversity via:
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reassortment when two viruses infect the same cell
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Arenavirus
causes: spread via? whose susceptible? |
hemorrhagic fever, Lass Fever
encephalitis/meningitis -LCMV urine/feces/saliva from rats, workers at rodent breeding facilities/pet owners |
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Bunyavirus
Most are? which are transfered by? and cause? Others are? transfered by? causing? |
-Arboviruses,
-hosted in vertebrates, transfered by arthropods -encephalitis, hemorrhagic fevers Hantaviruses Rodents Hemorrhagic Fever, Pulmonary syndrome-Sin Nombre virus |
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Orthomyxovirus:
causes? contains what in the viral envelope how many RNA segments? RNA replication is located where? where does it occur in most viruses? |
Influenza A(birds), B, C-mammals
HA-hemagglutinin NA-neuraminidase 8 RNA segments Nucleus, cytoplasm |
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Retroviruses:
RNA? enzymes and fxns? |
2 copies of single-stranded RNA
Reverse Transcriptase: makes DNA from RNA Integrase: viral DNA gets incorporated into host genome protease: maturation of precursor virus |
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Retroviruses:
pathogenesis associated with? Family-Disease-virus |
CD4 T-cells
Oncovrinae-T-cell leukiema-HTLV Lentivirinae-AIDS-HIV Spumavirinae-no disease-human foamy virus |
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HTLV-1: causes ___ by_____
accumulate? how dangerous? HIV: causes ___ by_____ |
Prolifferation of T-cells
--->accumulate mutations but transofrmation takes awhile and doesn't occur often Lysis of T-cells |
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Reovirus:
type? genome? envelope? 2x-layered capsid |
Rotavirus
Segmented dsRNA non-enveloped double-layered capsid |
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Rotavirus
major cause of? death by? causes of diarrhea? |
gastroenteritis in infants/children
dehydration malabsoprtion-infected cells in intsetine can no longer hold fluid. Viral toxin NSP4-induce cells to secrete fluid -stimulate secretion |
