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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are diff types of body tissue |
1. Epithelial: covers exposed surfaces. Lines internal passageways. Forms glands 2. Connective: stores energy. Supports other tissues. Transports materials. Fills internal spaces. 3. Muscle : specialized for contraction. Skeletal muscle, heart muscle, walls of hollow organs 4. Neural: carries electrical signals |
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What is a basement membrane and in between which tissues can it be found? |
Basement membrane is a thin fibrous extracellular matrix that seperates the epithelial tissue from the connective tissue |
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What are functions of epithelial tissue |
1. Physical protection 2. Control permeability 3. Provides sensation 4. Produces specialized secretions |
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What is the tissue type through which gases pass in the lungs |
Simple squamous epithelium |
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What is the composition of tendons and ligaments |
Connective tissue proper: dense regular Parallel collagen fibers with few elastic fibers. Most cells: fibroblasts |
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Why do cartilage and ligaments heal slowly after injury |
The have no blood vessels. They are avascular. So nutrients must diffuse to injured areas |
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What kind of exposure causes permanent wrinkling of skin |
UV exposure....or Age, dehydration, hormonal changes |
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What type of muscle tissue can be controlled consciously |
Consiously = volu tarily Skeletal muscle |
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What are the characteristics of the three muscles and where do u find them |
1. Cardiac: branching, striated, involuntary. Found walls of heart 2. Skeletal: multinucleated, striated, voluntary, long, cylindrical. Found skeletal muscle attached to skin or bone 3. Smooth: no striations, spindle like, forms sheets. Found walls of hollow organs |
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Where do u find smooth muscles |
Walls of hollow organs. Blood vessels. Respiratory, reproductive and digestive tract. Urinary bladder |
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What are characteristics of nerve tissues |
Conducts electrical impulses. Senses internal and external environment Process and conducts info CNS: brain and spinal cord 2 cells: neurons and neuroglia |
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Where is the subcutaneous layer located |
Below dermis. Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer |
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What type of epithelial cells are found in lining of trachea |
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells |
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What are the functions if skin |
1. Protects underlying tissues... 2. Maintains temp 3. Excretes sweat, salts... 4. Stores lipids 5. Detects 6. Synthesize vitamin D |
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What type of co nective tissue is the dermis composed of |
Dense irregular connective tissue |
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What happens to skin cells when it is pushed from inner layer of the skin to the surface |
It dies. New cells are produces and pushes up the old ones |
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Where are the blood vessles that supply the skin located |
Subcutaneous layer |
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Main function of melanocytes |
1. Protects skin from sun damage uv rays 2. Skin color depends in production of melanin |
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What is eccrine sweat gland what is their stimulus |
Water, salt electrolyte excretions. Plams and soles. Secretes directly on skin surface Controlled independently. For thermoregulation Coiled tubular gland. Cools body, flushes microorganisms and harmful chemicals from skin |
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What gland in skin forms acne |
Sebaceous oil glands |
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What is intradermal injection and where is it given |
Injec4ion to the dermis layer. Takes longer absorption time .so used as sensitivity tests, allergy test amd local anesthesia |
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What is osteocyte |
Mature bone cell located in lacunae maintians protein and mineral content for matrix. Repairs damaged bone |
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What is lacunae |
Where oscteocytes are located. |
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Main compositon of bone matrix |
2/3 calcium phosphate Interacts with calcium hydroxide to form crystals 1/3 collagen fibers |
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What is intramemrabous bone |
Bones formed from mesenchymal or from fibrous connective tissue |
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What are funcs of red bone marrow |
Forms red blood cells Supplies nutrients to osteocytes |
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What are osteoclats |
Aborb and remove bone matrix Desloves matrix and releases stored minerals |
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What are osteons and osteoic canal |
Osteon is a unit of compact bone. Haversion canal or osteon canal is where the vessels and veins are located |
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Endochondral ossification |
Hayline cartilage into bone Steps 1. Bone collar formation 2. cavitation 3. Periosteal bud invasion 4. Diaphsis elongation 5. Epiphyseal ossification |
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Functions of skeletal system |
1. Support 2. Storage of minerals (calcium) lipids ( yellow bone.marrow) 3. Blood cell fiormation (red bone marrow) 4.protection 5.leverage |
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Where are blood vessels and nerve found in bone |
Compact bone. Central canal |
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Where are the osteocytes located |
Lacunae |
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What is periosteum |
Outer membranous cover on the bone. Outer fibrous layer, inner cellular layer Perforating fiber: collagen fibers Participates in bone growth and repair Provides route for circulatory and nervous supply |
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Which part of the body has the most bones |
Hand 27 Foot 26 Axial total 80 Appendicular total 126 |
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Where do u find yellow bone marrow |
Spongy bone on long bone. Medullary cavity |
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Steps of healing fractured bone |
1. Blood clot: Hematoma formation 2. Internal ezternal calluses forms s 3. Calluses replaced by bony callus4. Remodeling: Bony callus replaced by compact bone 4. Remodeling: Bony callus replaced by compact bone |
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Shaft of long bone called |
Diaphysis |
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What is the type of a cuboidal bone |
Tarsal bone: short bone |
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What is function of parathyroid hormone |
Released to increase calcium levels |
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Dermis vs epidermis |
Epidermis: striated squamous epithelial tissue. Avascular. Keratinocytes: most abundant Stratum corneum: Stratum lucidum: Stratum granulosum: keratin Stratum spinosum: dendritic (langerhan) cells: active in immune system Stratum geminitive: basal stem cells. Merkel cells. Melanocytes Dermis: dense irregular connective tissue Papillary layer: areolar tissue. Papillae Reticular layer: dense irregular ct. Collagen and elastic fibers |
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Which blood vessels supply nutrients to epidermis |
Cappilaries from dermis diffuse nutrients and oxygen |
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What type of cells produce the saft of a hair |
Basal cells located in hair bulb which produces the matri |
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Nerve fibers are associated with what tissue, receptors and glands |
Nerve receptor: axon of neurons. Nervous tissue Passes electrical impulses |
