Review Blood Lecture Pt 3

Front 1

AML

Back 1

-acute myeloid leukemia most common in adults: "adult onset leukemia"=median age is 65
-peak incidents 60-65, uncommon in children
-Prognosis is variable; age, health status, radiation exposure, chemo, other diseases
-risk of death=infection & bleeding. goal=remission.

Front 2

AML s/s

Back 2

-fever, infection, and bone pain, pain from an enlarged liver or spleen.
-Fatigue & weakness
-Bleeding; bleeding gums or bruises. ef

Front 3

AML Tx

Back 3

-aggressive Induction therapy (high doses IV chemo)
-will be hospitalized during induction therapy
-Some pt may not be able to tolerate the treatment. IV therapy may kill them=palliative care
- admin blood or platelets due to thrombocyticpenia
-Bone marrow transplants, stem cell transplants
-teach friends fam on infection risks & prevention

Front 4

Tx side effects & Supportive Tx

Back 4

- isolation b/c of risk or bacteria/ fungal/viral
-Careful w/ foods esp. fruit
-antibiotics, antifungal (due to whiping WBC)
-diarrhea, anorexia from tx
-transfusions b/c tx damages platelets/clotting fact.
-daily absolute neutrophil counts; ANC can be 0
-can become severly anemic/platelets below 10,000

Front 5

ALL

Back 5

-acute lymphocytic leukemia: lymphoblasts are immature & not normal, uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoblasts from the lymphoid stem cells.
-very common in children, but adults can get it too.
-peak age 4 years old, boys more than girls
-after age 15, it’s uncommon but it can happen.
-child 5 year survival rate is very good,80%,
-adults 5 year survival rate is 40%(1/2) older the age, the more decreased the survival rate.

Front 6

ALL S/S

Tx

Back 6

-s/s similar to other leukemia.
-Methotrexate med used prophylactically b/c of high instance of cns involvement. used intrathecally (brain/spinal cord) or w/ cranial radiation
-chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant.

Front 7

CML

Back 7

-chronic myeloid leukemia: specific to a section of missing DNA from chromo. (Philadelphia), 90-95% of CML pt have missing. chromo. is trans located in chromo. 9= the 2 fuse together, producing BCR ABL gene, making abnormal the protein: trypsin kinase
-3 stages: chronic, accelerated and blast.
-median age 55-60, rare under age 20.

Front 8

CML S/S

tx

Back 8

-general malaise, anorexia, weight loss, enlarged tender spleen and liver.
-2 primary drugs used: Gleevec and Sprycel.
-chemotherapy or bone marrow transplant.
-Life expectancy is about 3-5 years.

Front 9

CLL

Back 9

-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Unlike other leukemias, these cells are mature and do not die (when cell die, make new cell)= over accumulation
-more in men that women, primarily in over 50
-survival is anywhere from 2-14 years

Front 10

CLL s/s

tx

Back 10

-swollen painful lymph nodes
-b symptoms: fevers over 101.5, drenching sweats & weight loss (unexpected over 10% body weight)
-Tx is based on s/s, if found early & symptoms
-Tx Chemo; pt may just opt to do supportive treatment b/c tx is very severe

Front 11

Hodgkin’s lymphoma risk factors

Back 11

-cause is unknown
- 1st degree relatives
-chrono immuno suppressant therapy, (i.e. renal transplant patients)
-exposure to agent Orange
-epstein Barr virus, hx of virus

Front 12

The malignant cell or marker or Hodgkin’s lymphoma is called

Back 12

the reed Sternberg cell

Front 13

Hodgkin’s lymphoma s/s

Back 13

-painless enlarged lymph node (firm, not hard, painless) on the side of the neck. It’s unilateral. It’s Unicentric in Origen (single node beginning)
-B symptoms might be present (Fever above 101.5, drenching night sweats, and anorexia)
-painless enlarged lymph node & B symptoms= prognosis is poor. Just node enlargement good .

Front 14

Non-Hodgkin’s

Back 14

-cancer that originates from the lymphoid tissue, but doesn’t have the Reid Sternberg marker cell.
-more than 12 types; generally all treated the same
-spreads throughout the lymphatic system in a less orderly way than a Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
-3% of all cancer deaths in the US
-incidence increases with age. average age 50-60