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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compatibility: Liberal reformism and realism
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Incompatible.
Reason: (1) L.R. promotes democracy. Says it is good for peace. Realism discredits democracy. Says policy must be confined to the elite. (2) Through L.R., cultivation and application of powers becomes subordinate to collective security. |
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Compatibility: Proletarian internationalism and realism
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Incompatible.
Reason: In P.I., power is subordinated to the higher moral calling of promoting proletarian revolution. |
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Compatibility: Fascism and realism
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Compatible.
Reason: (1) Both oppose the left. (2) Both value the state as the guarantor of order. (3) Both value the idea of the nation-state. (4) Both posit an unjust world inevitably with classes. (5) Elitism. Fascists eliminate "terrorists." Realists ignore the public. |
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France/Germany relations following WWI
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(1) France invade Germany.
(2) France violently ended labor protests. (3) France brought in Frenchman to work. |
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France occupation of Germany: Germany's economic situation
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No production, money still printing = inflation
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Statesmen who pushed for a European Confederation
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Briand
Stresemann |
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The "X" Article
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(1) Realist
(2) George Kennan (3) USSR is ideologically aggressive but materially weak. (4) Containment: stop the USSR by fencing it in with allies |
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Realism: problems with it in democracy
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(1) Not inspiring; reactive
(2) Technocratic (3) Can't win an election with it |
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NSC 68
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(1) Paul Nitze
(2) Cannot wait the USSR out (3) Must match USSR industrially, militarily, and culturally |
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Effects of NSC 68
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Korean War
McCarthyism Bay of Pigs Vietnam |
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ABM Treaty
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USA and USSR agree not to develop anti-ballistic missiles to knock warheads out of the sky
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CTBT
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Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
Bans testing of nukes. If you can't test it, you can't rely on it. |
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SORT
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Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
Mutual reduction of warheads. |
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Assured Second Strike
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The ability of a state, after being nuked by another state, to nuke that state in return
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Why was the UN as unsuccessful as the League?
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Any initiatives could be blocked by either the USA or the USSR. They vetoed each other's initiatives.
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Functionalism
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(1) Liberalism
(2) David Mitrany (3) Experiment first with low politics organizations and then move to high politics organizations |
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Examples of low politics
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- Postal coordination
- Aviation - Health |
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Neo-functionalism
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(1) Ernst Haas
(2) Functionalism appears to work historically |
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What three examples did Neo-functionalism examine?
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(1) European Coal and Steel Community -- worked
(2) European Security Council -- failed (3) European Economic Union -- worked |
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UN peacekeeping missions
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Cyprus, Lebanon, Eritrea, Kosovo, Liberia, Sudan, Kashmir, Georgia, Sierra Leone, Croatia, etc.
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Robert Keohane
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(1) Liberal
(2) Hegemonic Stability Theory (3) IOs endure hegemonic decline because they facilitate cooperation (4) No clear hierarchy of interests (5) Force no longer effective as instrument of foreign policy (6) State no longer a coherent entity (7) Because of IOs, if the hegemon changes the world probably will run the same |
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Communism: Expansion between the Chinese revolution and the 1970s
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minimal
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Robert Gilpin: Assertions
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(1) MNC and IOs is an instrument of US hegemony.
(2) But MNCs and IOs threaten US hegemony. |
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Robert Giplin: Why do MNCS threaten US hegemony?
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Because of the trade cycle. Industries that started here are shipped abroad and exploited and shipped back for consumption by us.
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Robert Giplin: Signs of the decline of US hegemony
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Vietnam
OPEC Stagflation Eurocommunism: France, Italy, Portugal, Spain Monetary crisis Baby boobmers |
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Charles de Gaulle
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(1) Realist
(2) Critic of Vietnam War (3) Critic of US foreign policy; thought it would destabilize the world (4) Critic of US direct investment in Europe (MNC) (5) Critic of US economic influence in Europe (6) Critic of US hegemony (7) Withdrew Frrance from NATO integrated command (8) Developed in France nuclear capability (9) Challenged the dollar on currency markets |
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Political Realism: Main men
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Niebuhr
Carr Morgenthau |
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Political Realism: Niebuhr
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Moral man in immoral society.
Exercise of power leavened by caritas (love for all people). Justificaiton of violence in resisting fascism. |
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Political Realism: Carr
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Bankruptcy of Liberal Reformism.
Order means hegemony. Hegemony means injustice. Order (thus) means injustice. Effective hegemony considers discontent. Appeal to power politics and appeasement. |
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Why was the Cold War never really dangerous?
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(1) The balance of power was uneven but rarely challenged.
(2) Once the USSR obtained nukes, both gave up the prospect of war. (3) USSR was not expansionist |
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The major zone of friction between the USA and the USSR during the cold war was what?
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Old colonial empires -- the Third World
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The Cold War that tried to live up to its rhetoric was not the decisions made by governments but the operations of what?
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Intelligence agencies
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American mentality coming out of WWII
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(1) Age of Catastrophe had not ended
(2) Future of capitalism and liberalism unsecured |
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State of communism coming out of WWII
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Stronger than ever before
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State of the USSR coming out of WWII economically and politically.
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(1) Econimically exhausted
(2) Suspicious government (3) Disloyal population |
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What caused the apocalyptical Cold War view of the world?
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US democracy
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"Military-industrial complex"
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(1) Coined by Pres. Eisenhower.
(2) Vast agglomeration of men + resources living by the preparation for war |
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Effect of the Cold War on international politics
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(1) Created the European Community
(2) Basically ended all tensions but those between the US camp and USSR camp (for example, Franco-Germanic tensions) (3) Frozen the international situation (4) Filled the world with arms |
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The European Community is now known as what?
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The European Union
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Who proposed the European Community?
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France
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France proposed the European Community as an alternative to what?
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The American plan for European Integration
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Why did the France propose the European Community?
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The only way it could prevent war with Germany was to become so entangled with it that war was impossible.
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During the Cold War, economic power shifted from where to where?
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From the USA to Europe + Japan.
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By the end of the Cold War, what was the state of USA economic hegemony, and what event reflect this?
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It had ended. In the 1991 Gulf War, other countries paid for US military operations.
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Detente
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The "thawing" of the Cold War; the relaxing of US-USSR relations from the 60s to the early 80s.
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In the 1950s, how did USA's economic growth compare with the USSR?
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USSR's economy grew faster
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Evidence for Detente
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(1) Arms limitations treaties
(2) Trade between USA and USSR |
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Why was the Cold War, from the start, a war of unequals?
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West had superior technology.
West had superior economy. |
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When did the Cold War end?
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When each side recognized the absurdity of the nuclear arms race and accepted each other's sincerity in ending it.
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What killed the USSR and socialism?
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(1) economic defects
(2) invasion of the capitalist world economy |
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Three points about the technological revolution during the Golden Years
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(1) Transformed everyday life in the rich world and the poor world
(2) The more complex the tech, the more complex the road to developing it (3) New techs were capital-intensive, labor-savoring, and labor-replacing |
