Return Of The Psych 2 Terms

Front 1

When responding to questions participants go through a ____ phase and _____ phase

Back 1

judgement, response translation

Front 2

How does one deal with socially desirable responding and response sets?

Back 2

Change the wording on the questions, stress anonyminity, and add irrelevant items.

Front 3

Response Sets

Back 3

When a participant consistently responds neutrally, positively, or negatively without enough variation to offer helpful data.

Front 4

Benefits of Experiments

Back 4

1. Systematic

2. As bias free as possible

3. The only way to determine cause and effect
4. Helps eliminate individual differences between each person and other confounds.

5. Better at providing information on statistical interactions between multiple variables.
6. High internal validity
7. Allows researchers to minimize confounds
8. Allows researchers to observe things that aren't usually observable.

Front 5

Downsides of Experiments

Back 5

1. Low internal validity
2. Artificiality
3. Ethical Problems
4. Cost
5. Some phenomena can't be studied in the lab

Front 6

An experiment needs _____

Back 6

1. Manipulation*

2. Random assignment*

3. Replicability

4. Specific and precise operationalization

5. Control

Front 7

Inferences of cause-effect relationships require ____.

Back 7

1. Covariation
2. Temporal precedence (Independant occurs before dependant.)
3. Elimination of plausible alternative explanation

Front 8

Mundane Realism

Back 8

A study's resemblance to the real world

Front 9

Experimental Realism

Back 9

How psychologically meaningful a study is to research participants.

Front 10

Manipulation Check

Back 10

Running a pilot test to see if you're actually manipulating what you think you're manipulating

Front 11

Operational Confounds

Back 11

When the manipulation of one construct also causes the manipulation of another.

Front 12

Person Confounds

Back 12

Individual differences in participants that affect DV. Random assignment usually resolves this.

Front 13

Procedural Confounds

Back 13

The unintentional manipulation of two or more variables at once.

Front 14

Why do illusory correlations happen?

Back 14

Salience and confirmation bias. (We remember emotionally impactful pairings of events more than non-impactful ones and we unconsciously look for things that will prove our theory right.)

Front 15

Observational Research

Back 15

Watching and systematically recording behavior

Front 16

Naturalistic Observation

Back 16

Observational research done in the enviroment in which the behavior naturally occurs.