Restorative And Esthetic Dental Materials Chapter 43

Front 1

Selection of the appropriate dental materials for a procedure will depend on several variables:

Back 1

Extent of decay

Type of defect in the tooth

The condition of the entire mouth

The location of the restoration

Cost factors

Front 2

The restorative and esthetic dental materials used most commonly in dentistry today include:

Back 2

Amalgam

Composite resin

Glass ionomer

Temporary restorative materials

Tooth whitening products

Gold alloy

Ceramic casting

Front 3

Is a term in dentistry that describes the ability to remove decay or disease and bring back the proper function of a tooth

Back 3

Restorative

Front 4

Is a term that refers to recreating the tooth or teeth with an artistically pleasing appearance

Back 4

Esthetic/ aesthetic

Front 5

Is any push or pull in matter which produces a stress and strain

Back 5

A force

Front 6

Criteria for a new dental materials

Back 6

Must not be poisonous or harmful to the body

Must not be harmful or irritating to the tissues of the oral cavity

Must help protect the tooth and tissues of the oral cavity

Must resemble the natural dentition as closely as possible so as to be esthetically pleasing

Must be easily formed and placed in the mouth to restore the mouths natural contour

Must conform and function despite limited access, wet conditions, and poor visibility

Front 7

Is the internal resistance or force that can cause distortion

Back 7

Stress

Front 8

Is the change or deformation of a material as the result of stress

Back 8

Strain

Front 9

They go together you cannot have one without the other

Back 9

Stress and strain

Front 10

Stress and strain are applicable to both

Back 10

Liquids and solids

Front 11

Types of stress and strain

Back 11

Tensile stress and strain pulls

Compressive stress and strain

Shear stress and strain

Front 12

Stretches the material (tug of war)

Back 12

Tensile stress and strain pulls

Front 13

Results from two forces directed toward each other (chewing)

Back 13

Compressive stress and strain

Front 14

Occurs from the two forces of material parallel to each other sliding in opposite directions (cutting a piece of paper with scissors)

Back 14

Shear stress and strain

Front 15

Is the measure of the capacity of a metal to be extended in all directions by a compressive force such as rolling or hammering

Back 15

Malleability

Front 16

This property allows a metal to be shaped into a thin sheet or plate

Back 16

Malleability

Front 17

Thermal changes are of major concern for two reasons

Back 17

Contraction and expansion

The need to protect the pulp from thermal shock from extreme differences in temperature

Front 18

Significant changes in the degree of contraction and expansion can cause a dental material to pull away from the tooth which can result in

Back 18

Micro-leakage or a faulty restoration

Front 19

Microscopic separation of material and tooth can allow oral fluids debris and microorganisms to enter between the restoration and the wall of cavity preparation

Back 19

Percolation

Front 20

An electrical current (galvanic) action or shock

Back 20

Can take place in the oral cavity when two different or dissimilar metals and present

Front 21

Conditions that can create these electrical currents include the following

Back 21

Saliva contains salt which makes it a good conductor of electricity

Two metallic components of different compositions

Front 22

Is the reaction that occurs within a metal when it is exposed to corrosive factors such as temperature, humidity and saline

Back 22

Corrosion

Front 23

The surface discoloration that we see in older amalgam restorations in the mouth is referred to as

Back 23

Tarnish

Front 24

Most corrosion involves

Back 24

Surface discoloration and can be removed easily with the use of polishing agents

Front 25

This is a measure of the resistance of a metal to indentation scratching or abrasion. It can indicate strength and wear ability

Back 25

Hardness

Front 26

Is the degree to which a substance will dissolve in a given amount of another substance

Back 26

Solubility

Front 27

Dental materials are designed to have a

Back 27

Certain amount of flow for placement

It allows the material to fill in the preparation of the tooth

Front 28

Ability of two unlike materials to adhere to each other

Back 28

Adhesion

Front 29

Without proper adhesion

Back 29

Micro leakage can occur and the restoration could come out

Front 30

The ability of a liquid to flow over the surface and come into contact with the small irregularities that may present

Back 30

Wetting

Front 31

Is the property of a liquid that causes it to flow easily

Back 31

Viscosity

Front 32

For adhesion to take ace and remain permanent the cement must have

Back 32

A thin film thickness or 25 microns or less to join the tooth and restoration

Front 33

The ability to hold two things firmly together when they will not adhere to each other naturally

Back 33

Retention

Front 34

Self cured material hardens as the result of a chemical reaction of the materials when mixed together

Back 34

Auto cured

Front 35

Material does not harden until it has been exposed to a curing light

Back 35

Light cured

Front 36

Material some curing takes place as the material is mixed how ever the final cure does not occur until the material has been exposed to a curing light

Back 36

Dual cured

Front 37

Are applied to a tooth or teeth while the material is pliable and can still be adapted carved and finished

Back 37

Direct restoration and esthetic materials

Front 38

Is the technical name for “silver filling”

Back 38

Amalgam

Front 39

These metals are in powder form and are mixed with

Back 39

mercury to form a soft pliable mixture

Front 40

Safe, affordable and durable material used predominately to restore premolars and molars

Back 40

Dental amalgam

Front 41

Amalgam alloy powder is composed of the following metals

Back 41

Silver = strength

Tin = workability and strength

Copper= strength and corrosion resistance

Zinc = to suppress oxidation

Front 42

A 1:1 Mercury to alloy ratio also know as

Back 42

Eames technique

Front 43

Non mercury alloy

Back 43

Gallon composed of

gallium

Indium

Tin

Was approved by A D A

Front 44

Which best dental material that can be used in posterior restorations

Back 44

Amalgam

Front 45

Amalgam is supplied by the manufacturer in

Back 45

Sealed single use capsules with the proper ratio of alloy powder in one side of the capsule and mercury in the other side separated by a thin membrane

Front 46

The pre loaded capsule of amalgam alloy and mercury contains..... which aids in the mixing process

Back 46

Pestle

Front 47

Amalgam should appear

Back 47

Soft

Pliable

Easily shaped when first triturated

Front 48

What’s is the purpose of condensation

Back 48

Is to pack the amalgam tightly into all areas of the prepared cavity and to aid in removing any excess mercury from the amalgam

Front 49

What is a burnished used for

Back 49

To smooth the amalgam making sure that no irregularities are present in the restoration

Front 50

What must a patient do once most of the carving has been completed

Back 50

Must be instructed to. It’s down lightly in the articulating paper

Front 51

Have become the most widely accepted and utilized material of choice by dentist and patients

Back 51

Composite resins

Front 52

The resin matrix component of composite is a fluid like material called

Back 52

Dimethacrylate which is also called BIS-GMA

Front 53

Also known as conventional or traditional composites were used primarily in the 1960s and 1970s

Back 53

Macro filled composites

Front 54

Are used most often today they contain a mice range of particle sizes

Back 54

Hybrid composites

Front 55

Tips when choosing a shade

Back 55

Determine tooth shades if possible with daylight

The entire surroundings should be kept free from bright colors ask the patient to remove lipstick

Make your choice quickly always accept the first decision because eyes begin to tire after 5 to 7 seconds

Front 56

Are used to contour and polish a finished composite resin

Back 56

Finishing bits and abrasive materials

Front 57

Represent one of the most versatile dental materials available

Back 57

Glass ionomers

Front 58

The most unique feature of the glass ionomers is the

Back 58

Release of fluoride after the final setting

Front 59

When to use glass ionomers

Back 59

Primary teeth

Final restorations in non stressed areas such as class v and toot faces

Sealants

Core material for build ups

Front 60

Caution for placing a glass ionomers

Back 60

Avoid water contamination/ contact with material

Be aware that when the materials glossy appearance has disappeared the setting stages have begun

Protect the matrix band from the material the material will adhere to the metal band

Front 61

When supplied as a powder and a liquid for cement glass ionomers are manually mixed together on

Back 61

A treated paper pad

With powder incorporated into liquid in several increments

Front 62

The type of material selected for a temporary restoration is

Back 62

Designed to maintain or restore function and keep the patient comfortable for a limited time

Front 63

The type of temporary restorative material selected depends on

Back 63

The location and amount of the tooth structure that needs to be restored

Front 64

Frequently recommended by the dentist as a short term restoration

Back 64

An intermediate restoration

Front 65

Has a sedative effect on the pulp and fillers are added to improve the strength and durability of the material

Back 65

Eugenol

Front 66

Designed to cover the major portion if not the entire clinical portion of a tooth or several teeth for a longer period

Back 66

A provisional restorative material

Front 67

Acrylic resins are supplied in several applications

Back 67

As liquid/ powder in premeasured tubes and in auto mix cartridges

Front 68

Tooth whitening is also referred to

Back 68

Bleaching

Front 69

One of the most popular and cost effective ways of restoring the esthetic appearance of teeth

Back 69

Tooth whitening

Front 70

Where can you find whitening products

Back 70

Tooth paste

Fluoride

Mouth rinses

Chewing gum

Front 71

What happens when the perioxide based product contact the teeth

Back 71

Allows oxygen to enter the enamel and Denton thereby whitening the colored substances

Front 72

Most power teeth whitening treatments can be done in approximately

Back 72

30 minutes to 1 hour in a single visit

Front 73

Is one that is fabricated outside the mouth by a dental laboratory technician

Back 73

An indirect restoration also referred to castings

Front 74

Noble metals used for cast restorations consist of

Back 74

Gold Au

Palladium pd

Platinum pt

Front 75

The type of ceramic most often used in dentistry is

Back 75

Porcelain

Front 76

Porcelain is the type of ceramic that combines

Back 76

Strength

Translucency

The ability to match natural tooth color