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76 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Selection of the appropriate dental materials for a procedure will depend on several variables:

Extent of decay


Type of defect in the tooth


The condition of the entire mouth


The location of the restoration


Cost factors

The restorative and esthetic dental materials used most commonly in dentistry today include:

Amalgam


Composite resin


Glass ionomer


Temporary restorative materials


Tooth whitening products


Gold alloy


Ceramic casting

Is a term in dentistry that describes the ability to remove decay or disease and bring back the proper function of a tooth

Restorative

Is a term that refers to recreating the tooth or teeth with an artistically pleasing appearance

Esthetic/ aesthetic

Is any push or pull in matter which produces a stress and strain

A force

Criteria for a new dental materials

Must not be poisonous or harmful to the body


Must not be harmful or irritating to the tissues of the oral cavity


Must help protect the tooth and tissues of the oral cavity


Must resemble the natural dentition as closely as possible so as to be esthetically pleasing


Must be easily formed and placed in the mouth to restore the mouths natural contour


Must conform and function despite limited access, wet conditions, and poor visibility

Is the internal resistance or force that can cause distortion

Stress

Is the change or deformation of a material as the result of stress

Strain

They go together you cannot have one without the other

Stress and strain

Stress and strain are applicable to both

Liquids and solids

Types of stress and strain

Tensile stress and strain pulls


Compressive stress and strain


Shear stress and strain

Stretches the material (tug of war)

Tensile stress and strain pulls

Results from two forces directed toward each other (chewing)

Compressive stress and strain

Occurs from the two forces of material parallel to each other sliding in opposite directions (cutting a piece of paper with scissors)

Shear stress and strain

Is the measure of the capacity of a metal to be extended in all directions by a compressive force such as rolling or hammering

Malleability

This property allows a metal to be shaped into a thin sheet or plate

Malleability

Thermal changes are of major concern for two reasons

Contraction and expansion


The need to protect the pulp from thermal shock from extreme differences in temperature

Significant changes in the degree of contraction and expansion can cause a dental material to pull away from the tooth which can result in

Micro-leakage or a faulty restoration

Microscopic separation of material and tooth can allow oral fluids debris and microorganisms to enter between the restoration and the wall of cavity preparation

Percolation

An electrical current (galvanic) action or shock

Can take place in the oral cavity when two different or dissimilar metals and present

Conditions that can create these electrical currents include the following

Saliva contains salt which makes it a good conductor of electricity


Two metallic components of different compositions

Is the reaction that occurs within a metal when it is exposed to corrosive factors such as temperature, humidity and saline

Corrosion

The surface discoloration that we see in older amalgam restorations in the mouth is referred to as

Tarnish

Most corrosion involves

Surface discoloration and can be removed easily with the use of polishing agents

This is a measure of the resistance of a metal to indentation scratching or abrasion. It can indicate strength and wear ability

Hardness

Is the degree to which a substance will dissolve in a given amount of another substance

Solubility

Dental materials are designed to have a

Certain amount of flow for placement


It allows the material to fill in the preparation of the tooth

Ability of two unlike materials to adhere to each other

Adhesion

Without proper adhesion

Micro leakage can occur and the restoration could come out

The ability of a liquid to flow over the surface and come into contact with the small irregularities that may present

Wetting

Is the property of a liquid that causes it to flow easily

Viscosity

For adhesion to take ace and remain permanent the cement must have

A thin film thickness or 25 microns or less to join the tooth and restoration

The ability to hold two things firmly together when they will not adhere to each other naturally

Retention

Self cured material hardens as the result of a chemical reaction of the materials when mixed together

Auto cured

Material does not harden until it has been exposed to a curing light

Light cured

Material some curing takes place as the material is mixed how ever the final cure does not occur until the material has been exposed to a curing light

Dual cured

Are applied to a tooth or teeth while the material is pliable and can still be adapted carved and finished

Direct restoration and esthetic materials

Is the technical name for “silver filling”

Amalgam

These metals are in powder form and are mixed with

mercury to form a soft pliable mixture

Safe, affordable and durable material used predominately to restore premolars and molars

Dental amalgam

Amalgam alloy powder is composed of the following metals

Silver = strength


Tin = workability and strength


Copper= strength and corrosion resistance


Zinc = to suppress oxidation

A 1:1 Mercury to alloy ratio also know as

Eames technique

Non mercury alloy

Gallon composed of


gallium


Indium


Tin


Was approved by A D A

Which best dental material that can be used in posterior restorations

Amalgam

Amalgam is supplied by the manufacturer in

Sealed single use capsules with the proper ratio of alloy powder in one side of the capsule and mercury in the other side separated by a thin membrane

The pre loaded capsule of amalgam alloy and mercury contains..... which aids in the mixing process

Pestle

Amalgam should appear

Soft


Pliable


Easily shaped when first triturated

What’s is the purpose of condensation

Is to pack the amalgam tightly into all areas of the prepared cavity and to aid in removing any excess mercury from the amalgam

What is a burnished used for

To smooth the amalgam making sure that no irregularities are present in the restoration

What must a patient do once most of the carving has been completed

Must be instructed to. It’s down lightly in the articulating paper

Have become the most widely accepted and utilized material of choice by dentist and patients

Composite resins

The resin matrix component of composite is a fluid like material called

Dimethacrylate which is also called BIS-GMA

Also known as conventional or traditional composites were used primarily in the 1960s and 1970s

Macro filled composites

Are used most often today they contain a mice range of particle sizes

Hybrid composites

Tips when choosing a shade

Determine tooth shades if possible with daylight


The entire surroundings should be kept free from bright colors ask the patient to remove lipstick


Make your choice quickly always accept the first decision because eyes begin to tire after 5 to 7 seconds

Are used to contour and polish a finished composite resin

Finishing bits and abrasive materials

Represent one of the most versatile dental materials available

Glass ionomers

The most unique feature of the glass ionomers is the

Release of fluoride after the final setting

When to use glass ionomers

Primary teeth


Final restorations in non stressed areas such as class v and toot faces


Sealants


Core material for build ups

Caution for placing a glass ionomers

Avoid water contamination/ contact with material


Be aware that when the materials glossy appearance has disappeared the setting stages have begun


Protect the matrix band from the material the material will adhere to the metal band

When supplied as a powder and a liquid for cement glass ionomers are manually mixed together on

A treated paper pad


With powder incorporated into liquid in several increments

The type of material selected for a temporary restoration is

Designed to maintain or restore function and keep the patient comfortable for a limited time

The type of temporary restorative material selected depends on

The location and amount of the tooth structure that needs to be restored

Frequently recommended by the dentist as a short term restoration

An intermediate restoration

Has a sedative effect on the pulp and fillers are added to improve the strength and durability of the material

Eugenol

Designed to cover the major portion if not the entire clinical portion of a tooth or several teeth for a longer period

A provisional restorative material

Acrylic resins are supplied in several applications

As liquid/ powder in premeasured tubes and in auto mix cartridges

Tooth whitening is also referred to

Bleaching

One of the most popular and cost effective ways of restoring the esthetic appearance of teeth

Tooth whitening

Where can you find whitening products

Tooth paste


Fluoride


Mouth rinses


Chewing gum

What happens when the perioxide based product contact the teeth

Allows oxygen to enter the enamel and Denton thereby whitening the colored substances

Most power teeth whitening treatments can be done in approximately

30 minutes to 1 hour in a single visit

Is one that is fabricated outside the mouth by a dental laboratory technician

An indirect restoration also referred to castings

Noble metals used for cast restorations consist of

Gold Au


Palladium pd


Platinum pt

The type of ceramic most often used in dentistry is

Porcelain

Porcelain is the type of ceramic that combines

Strength


Translucency


The ability to match natural tooth color