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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Selection of the appropriate dental materials for a procedure will depend on several variables: |
Extent of decay Type of defect in the tooth The condition of the entire mouth The location of the restoration Cost factors |
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The restorative and esthetic dental materials used most commonly in dentistry today include: |
Amalgam Composite resin Glass ionomer Temporary restorative materials Tooth whitening products Gold alloy Ceramic casting |
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Is a term in dentistry that describes the ability to remove decay or disease and bring back the proper function of a tooth |
Restorative |
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Is a term that refers to recreating the tooth or teeth with an artistically pleasing appearance |
Esthetic/ aesthetic |
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Is any push or pull in matter which produces a stress and strain |
A force |
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Criteria for a new dental materials |
Must not be poisonous or harmful to the body Must not be harmful or irritating to the tissues of the oral cavity Must help protect the tooth and tissues of the oral cavity Must resemble the natural dentition as closely as possible so as to be esthetically pleasing Must be easily formed and placed in the mouth to restore the mouths natural contour Must conform and function despite limited access, wet conditions, and poor visibility |
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Is the internal resistance or force that can cause distortion |
Stress |
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Is the change or deformation of a material as the result of stress |
Strain |
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They go together you cannot have one without the other |
Stress and strain |
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Stress and strain are applicable to both |
Liquids and solids |
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Types of stress and strain |
Tensile stress and strain pulls Compressive stress and strain Shear stress and strain |
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Stretches the material (tug of war) |
Tensile stress and strain pulls |
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Results from two forces directed toward each other (chewing) |
Compressive stress and strain |
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Occurs from the two forces of material parallel to each other sliding in opposite directions (cutting a piece of paper with scissors) |
Shear stress and strain |
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Is the measure of the capacity of a metal to be extended in all directions by a compressive force such as rolling or hammering |
Malleability |
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This property allows a metal to be shaped into a thin sheet or plate |
Malleability |
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Thermal changes are of major concern for two reasons |
Contraction and expansion The need to protect the pulp from thermal shock from extreme differences in temperature |
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Significant changes in the degree of contraction and expansion can cause a dental material to pull away from the tooth which can result in |
Micro-leakage or a faulty restoration |
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Microscopic separation of material and tooth can allow oral fluids debris and microorganisms to enter between the restoration and the wall of cavity preparation |
Percolation |
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An electrical current (galvanic) action or shock |
Can take place in the oral cavity when two different or dissimilar metals and present |
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Conditions that can create these electrical currents include the following |
Saliva contains salt which makes it a good conductor of electricity Two metallic components of different compositions |
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Is the reaction that occurs within a metal when it is exposed to corrosive factors such as temperature, humidity and saline |
Corrosion |
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The surface discoloration that we see in older amalgam restorations in the mouth is referred to as |
Tarnish |
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Most corrosion involves |
Surface discoloration and can be removed easily with the use of polishing agents |
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This is a measure of the resistance of a metal to indentation scratching or abrasion. It can indicate strength and wear ability |
Hardness |
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Is the degree to which a substance will dissolve in a given amount of another substance |
Solubility |
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Dental materials are designed to have a |
Certain amount of flow for placement It allows the material to fill in the preparation of the tooth |
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Ability of two unlike materials to adhere to each other |
Adhesion |
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Without proper adhesion |
Micro leakage can occur and the restoration could come out |
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The ability of a liquid to flow over the surface and come into contact with the small irregularities that may present |
Wetting |
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Is the property of a liquid that causes it to flow easily |
Viscosity |
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For adhesion to take ace and remain permanent the cement must have |
A thin film thickness or 25 microns or less to join the tooth and restoration |
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The ability to hold two things firmly together when they will not adhere to each other naturally |
Retention |
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Self cured material hardens as the result of a chemical reaction of the materials when mixed together |
Auto cured |
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Material does not harden until it has been exposed to a curing light |
Light cured |
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Material some curing takes place as the material is mixed how ever the final cure does not occur until the material has been exposed to a curing light |
Dual cured |
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Are applied to a tooth or teeth while the material is pliable and can still be adapted carved and finished |
Direct restoration and esthetic materials |
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Is the technical name for “silver filling” |
Amalgam |
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These metals are in powder form and are mixed with |
mercury to form a soft pliable mixture |
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Safe, affordable and durable material used predominately to restore premolars and molars |
Dental amalgam |
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Amalgam alloy powder is composed of the following metals |
Silver = strength Tin = workability and strength Copper= strength and corrosion resistance Zinc = to suppress oxidation |
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A 1:1 Mercury to alloy ratio also know as |
Eames technique |
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Non mercury alloy |
Gallon composed of gallium Indium Tin Was approved by A D A |
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Which best dental material that can be used in posterior restorations |
Amalgam |
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Amalgam is supplied by the manufacturer in |
Sealed single use capsules with the proper ratio of alloy powder in one side of the capsule and mercury in the other side separated by a thin membrane |
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The pre loaded capsule of amalgam alloy and mercury contains..... which aids in the mixing process |
Pestle |
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Amalgam should appear |
Soft Pliable Easily shaped when first triturated |
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What’s is the purpose of condensation |
Is to pack the amalgam tightly into all areas of the prepared cavity and to aid in removing any excess mercury from the amalgam |
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What is a burnished used for |
To smooth the amalgam making sure that no irregularities are present in the restoration |
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What must a patient do once most of the carving has been completed |
Must be instructed to. It’s down lightly in the articulating paper |
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Have become the most widely accepted and utilized material of choice by dentist and patients |
Composite resins |
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The resin matrix component of composite is a fluid like material called |
Dimethacrylate which is also called BIS-GMA |
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Also known as conventional or traditional composites were used primarily in the 1960s and 1970s |
Macro filled composites |
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Are used most often today they contain a mice range of particle sizes |
Hybrid composites |
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Tips when choosing a shade |
Determine tooth shades if possible with daylight The entire surroundings should be kept free from bright colors ask the patient to remove lipstick Make your choice quickly always accept the first decision because eyes begin to tire after 5 to 7 seconds |
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Are used to contour and polish a finished composite resin |
Finishing bits and abrasive materials |
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Represent one of the most versatile dental materials available |
Glass ionomers |
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The most unique feature of the glass ionomers is the |
Release of fluoride after the final setting |
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When to use glass ionomers |
Primary teeth Final restorations in non stressed areas such as class v and toot faces Sealants Core material for build ups |
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Caution for placing a glass ionomers |
Avoid water contamination/ contact with material Be aware that when the materials glossy appearance has disappeared the setting stages have begun Protect the matrix band from the material the material will adhere to the metal band |
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When supplied as a powder and a liquid for cement glass ionomers are manually mixed together on |
A treated paper pad With powder incorporated into liquid in several increments |
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The type of material selected for a temporary restoration is |
Designed to maintain or restore function and keep the patient comfortable for a limited time |
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The type of temporary restorative material selected depends on |
The location and amount of the tooth structure that needs to be restored |
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Frequently recommended by the dentist as a short term restoration |
An intermediate restoration |
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Has a sedative effect on the pulp and fillers are added to improve the strength and durability of the material |
Eugenol |
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Designed to cover the major portion if not the entire clinical portion of a tooth or several teeth for a longer period |
A provisional restorative material |
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Acrylic resins are supplied in several applications |
As liquid/ powder in premeasured tubes and in auto mix cartridges |
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Tooth whitening is also referred to |
Bleaching |
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One of the most popular and cost effective ways of restoring the esthetic appearance of teeth |
Tooth whitening |
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Where can you find whitening products |
Tooth paste Fluoride Mouth rinses Chewing gum |
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What happens when the perioxide based product contact the teeth |
Allows oxygen to enter the enamel and Denton thereby whitening the colored substances |
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Most power teeth whitening treatments can be done in approximately |
30 minutes to 1 hour in a single visit |
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Is one that is fabricated outside the mouth by a dental laboratory technician |
An indirect restoration also referred to castings |
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Noble metals used for cast restorations consist of |
Gold Au Palladium pd Platinum pt |
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The type of ceramic most often used in dentistry is |
Porcelain |
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Porcelain is the type of ceramic that combines |
Strength Translucency The ability to match natural tooth color |